View source for Gross margin in retail industry

{{infobox4
|list1=
<ul>
<li>[[Return on equity (ROE)]]</li>
<li>[[Berry Ratio]]</li>
<li>[[Combined Ratio]]</li>
<li>[[Net income]]</li>
<li>[[Return on investment]]</li>
<li>[[Percentage of sales]]</li>
<li>[[Days in inventory]]</li>
<li>[[Operating expense ratio]]</li>
<li>[[Distributable profit]]</li>
</ul>
}}


'''Gross margin in retail [[industry]]''' is a measure of performance that expresses the difference between the [[cost]] of goods sold and the net sales revenue, expressed as a percentage. It is an important indicator of a company’s profitability and is used by [[management]] to assess the profitability of individual products or [[product]] lines. It is also a key factor in pricing decisions, since it allows management to determine the markup needed to cover overhead and still make a [[profit]]. Additionally, it is an important metric for comparison against competitors, as it allows management to measure their performance and identify areas of improvement.

==Example of gross margin in retail industry ==
* An example of gross margin in the retail industry is a store that sells electronics. The store buys the electronics from a wholesaler for $50 and then sells them to customers for $100. In this case, the gross margin would be 50%, calculated by subtracting the cost of goods sold (COGS) from the net sales revenue (100-50=50) and then dividing that number by the net sales revenue (50/100=50%). This means that for every dollar of net sales revenue, the store profits 50 cents. 
* Another example of gross margin in the retail industry is a clothing store. The store buys a shirt from a [[supplier]] for $15 and then sells it to customers for $30. In this case, the gross margin would be 50%, calculated by subtracting the cost of goods sold (COGS) from the net sales revenue (30-15=15) and then dividing that number by the net sales revenue (15/30=50%). This means that for every dollar of net sales revenue, the store profits 50 cents. 
* Finally, an example of gross margin in the retail industry is a grocery store. The store buys a dozen eggs from a farmer for $3 and then sells them to customers for $6. In this case, the gross margin would be 50%, calculated by subtracting the cost of goods sold (COGS) from the net sales revenue (6-3=3) and then dividing that number by the net sales revenue (3/6=50%). This means that for every dollar of net sales revenue, the store profits 50 cents.

==Formula of gross margin in retail industry ==
The formula for calculating gross margin in the retail industry is: 

Gross Margin = (Revenue - Cost of Goods Sold) / Revenue

This formula measures the difference between the revenue from sales and the cost of goods sold (COGS) as a proportion of the total revenue. Gross margin is expressed as a percentage and it tells us the proportion of sales that the retailer is able to keep as profit, after the cost of goods sold has been deducted. 

For example, if a retailer has $10,000 in sales and $7,000 in COGS, the gross margin would be calculated as follows:

Gross Margin = ($10,000 - $7,000) / $10,000 = 0.3

The result is expressed as a decimal, so to get the gross margin as a percentage we can multiply by 100.

Gross Margin = 0.3 x 100 = 30%

In this example, the retailer has a gross margin of 30%, which means that 30% of their sales revenue is kept as profit after the cost of goods sold has been deducted.

==When to use gross margin in retail industry ==
Gross margin in the retail industry is an important metric for assessing the profitability of a [[company]] and comparing it to their competitors. It can be used in a variety of ways, such as:
* Assessing the profitability of individual products or product lines – gross margin can be used to measure the profitability of specific items or groups of items to help determine the most profitable products to focus on.
* Evaluating pricing decisions – gross margin percentage can be used to determine the markup needed to cover overhead and still achieve a profit. 
* Comparing performance against competitors – by comparing gross margin percentages, a company can measure their performance relative to competitors and identify areas needing improvement. 
* Estimating [[future cash flow]] – by looking at the company’s gross margin, management can get an idea of how much [[money]] will be available for future [[investments]].

==Steps of calculating gross margin in retail industry ==
Gross margin in the retail industry is a measure of profitability that is used to assess the profitability of individual products or product lines. The following steps are used to calculate gross margin:
* '''Calculate net sales revenue''': This is the total amount of money received from sales of a product or product line, minus any discounts and returns. 
* '''Calculate cost of goods sold''': This is the total cost of buying, storing, and preparing a product or product line for sale. This includes raw materials, labor, [[shipping]], and any other costs associated with acquiring and selling the product.
* '''Calculate gross margin''': This is the difference between net sales revenue and the cost of goods sold, expressed as a percentage. It is calculated by dividing the net sales revenue by the cost of goods sold, then multiplying by 100.
* '''Analyze gross margin''': This is the [[process]] of analyzing the gross margin to determine how profitable the product or product line is. This can be done by comparing gross margins to those of competitors, or by looking at the gross margin over time to determine whether it is increasing or decreasing.

==Advantages of gross margin in retail industry ==
Gross margin in retail industry can be a valuable tool for assessing the profitability of individual products, pricing decisions, and comparing performance against competitors. Here are some of the advantages of using gross margin in retail industry:
* It provides an accurate measure of the revenue generated from each product after deducting the cost of goods sold, allowing management to identify areas of profit and loss.
* It is an essential factor in pricing decisions, as it allows management to determine the markup needed to cover overhead and still make a profit.
* It allows comparison of performance against competitors, enabling management to identify areas of improvement.
* It can be used to analyze the performance of individual products or product lines, allowing management to make better informed decisions.
* It helps in assessing the overall profitability of the business, as it allows management to determine the gross margin across various product lines.

==Limitations of gross margin in retail industry ==
Gross margin in the retail industry is a useful metric for assessing profitability and performance, but it does have some limitations. These include:
* '''Not taking into account non-revenue generating costs''': Gross margin does not take into account any non-revenue generating costs, such as administrative costs, shipping and handling, or [[marketing]] expenses. These costs are necessary to run a business, but they are not part of the calculation of gross margin, so they can have a significant impact on overall profitability.
* '''Not accounting for discounts''': Discounts and promotions may be used to increase sales, but they are generally not reflected in the gross margin calculation. This means that a company may have a higher gross margin due to discounts and promotions, but the actual profitability of the product line may be lower than expected.
* '''Not considering [[customer]] acquisition costs''': The cost of acquiring new customers is not taken into account when calculating gross margin. This means that a company may be earning a higher gross margin, but the customer acquisition costs could be eating away at the actual profits.
* '''Not considering seasonality''': Gross margin does not take into account any seasonality trends, which could have a significant impact on the overall profitability of a product line. This means that a company could be earning a high gross margin in one season but not in another, which could be a major factor in overall profitability.

==Other approaches related to gross margin in retail industry ==
In addition to gross margin, there are several other approaches related to the retail industry that can be used to measure performance and assess profitability. These include: 
* '''Cost of Goods Sold (COGS)''': This is a measure of the cost associated with obtaining merchandise for sale during a period, including the cost of materials, labor, and overhead. It is often used to analyze the profitability of individual products or product lines. 
* '''Operating Expense Ratio (OER)''': This is a measure of [[operating expenses]] as a proportion of net sales revenue. It is used to analyze how efficiently a company is managing its expenses relative to its income.
* '''Profit Margin''': This is a measure of the company’s [[net income]] as a percentage of its net sales revenue. It is used to assess a company’s overall profitability.
* '''Return on [[Investment]] (ROI)''': This is a measure of the company’s profits as a percentage of its total assets. It is used to assess a company’s overall [[financial performance]].
In summary, gross margin is an important measure of performance in the retail industry. Other approaches that can be used to measure performance and assess profitability include COGS, OER, profit margin, and ROI.

==Suggested literature==
* Moatti, V., Ren, C. R., Anand, J., & Dussauge, P. (2015). ''[https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?repid=rep1&type=pdf&doi=c58ffc7c02d00839649fe4c15aed732d57197229 Disentangling the performance effects of efficiency and bargaining power in horizontal growth strategies: An empirical investigation in the global retail industry]''. Strategic Management Journal, 36(5), 745-757.
* Kesavan, S., Gaur, V., & Raman, A. (2010). ''[https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?repid=rep1&type=pdf&doi=f1dd0cabe50d1cb13434d5e4a00e364cd5735b50 Do inventory and gross margin data improve sales forecasts for Us public retailers?]''. Management Science, 56(9), 1519-1533.
* Hançerlioğulları, G., Şen, A., & Aktunç, E. A. (2016). ''[http://repository.bilkent.edu.tr/bitstream/handle/11693/36530/bilkent-research-paper.pdf?sequence=1 Demand uncertainty and inventory turnover performance: An empirical analysis of the Us retail industry]''. International Journal of Physical Distribution & [[Logistics]] Management.

[[Category:Marketing]]