E-commerce: Difference between revisions
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* Sudhakaran, N. (2022) [http://journals.resaim.com/ijresm/article/view/292 ''CONSUMER BUYING BEHAVIOUR TOWARDS E-COMMERCE DURING COVID-19''], International journal on global business management & research. | * Sudhakaran, N. (2022) [http://journals.resaim.com/ijresm/article/view/292 ''CONSUMER BUYING BEHAVIOUR TOWARDS E-COMMERCE DURING COVID-19''], International journal on global business management & research. | ||
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{{a|Janina Klüsch}} | {{a|Janina Klüsch}} | ||
Revision as of 17:15, 23 October 2022
Electronic commerce (e-commerce) describes the business transaction using technological infrastructures like the internet or other telecommunication technology [1]. This term includes not only the buying and selling of goods and services itself but also all processes connected to those transactions. Thus, the digital payment process and the digital exchange of data are also part of e-commerce [2].
Development of e-commerce
In 1997 the term e-commerce was first mentioned by IBM [3]. As the barriers to accessing the internet lowered and the general public was able to use the internet and other telecommunication technologies, e-commerce experienced its boom. The number of online shops as well as the number of customers shopping online increased year by year. Even today, the e-commerce sector is still growing steadily. The increase in internet speed and the expanding global spread of the internet are driving factors of e-commerce. However, it should be noted that the development of e-commerce varies not only from continent to continent but also from country to country [4]. During the Covid-19 pandemic, the e-commerce sector experienced another strong increase. Due to lockdowns in many countries, consumption via online shops increased strongly and this trend is still very much in evidence [5].
E-commerce categories
There are various categories into which e-commerce can be divided:
- Business to Business (B2B): transactions between two companies; this is the fastest-growing e-commerce sector
- Business to Consumer (B2C): transactions between a company and the consumer; a traditional buyer-seller combination
- Consumer to Business (C2B): transactions between a company and a consumer but the consumer takes the role of the seller and the company the role of the buyer
- Consumer to Consumer(C2C): transactions between two customers
If state administration is also considered, the following categories can be added:
- Business to Government (B2G) or Business to Administration (B2A): transactions between a party from the business sector and a representative from the public sector
- Government to Business (G2B): transactions between a public office and a company
- Government to Consumer(G2C): transactions with a flow from the public sector to a consumer
- Consumer to Government (C2G): transactions involving a consumer and a public sector body
- Government to Government (G2G): transaction where two parties of the public sector are involved
It is important to note that especially in G2B, G2C, and G2G sectors the transactions often contain the flow of administrative information, customer documents, and statistics. Therefore, it does not necessarily have to be a purchase or sale of goods or services [6].
Advantages and adaptations
E-commerce brings advantages to customers. 24-hour availability, easy and fast home delivery, and simple payment methods are just some of them [7]. However, suppliers also profit from doing business via the internet. Considering the supplier side, e-commerce, for example, eliminates the cost of retail space, reduces administration costs, and they don’t have to adhere to the legal opening hours of shops. The use of the Internet and other telecommunications technologies also makes it possible to collect customer data. Data on the shopping behavior of customers enables suppliers to tailor their offers and their communication with each customer individually. Such personalization would not be possible in a non-electronic transaction [8]. However, to make use of this data and maximize the profit, suppliers must first attract customers to their online shop and ensure that customers visit the website again. In a physical shop, for example in a shopping center, this is attempted through furnishing, decoration, and services. In e-commerce, however, a good user experience (UX) is necessary to achieve this effect. Companies in the e-commerce sector should therefore always keep the improvement of the UX for their online shop in mind in order to achieve the best possible success for their business [9].
Footnotes
- ↑ Jędrzejczak-Gas, Barska and Siničáková, 2019, p. 210
- ↑ Nescott, 2011, p. VII
- ↑ Jędrzejczak-Gas, Barska and Siničáková, 2019, p. 210
- ↑ Gregor and Kalińska-Kula, 2020, pp. 184–186
- ↑ Sudhakaran, 2022, p. 81
- ↑ Jędrzejczak-Gas, Barska and Siničáková, 2019, pp. 210–211
- ↑ Gregor and Kalińska-Kula, 2020, p. 184
- ↑ Jędrzejczak-Gas, Barska and Siničáková, 2019, p. 211
- ↑ Moczarny, de Villiers and van Biljon, 2012, pp. 216–217, 223–224
References
- Gregor, B. and Kalińska-Kula, M. (2020) The Development of E-Commerce and Consumer Attitudes – A Comparative Analysis of Poland, Ukraine and Belarus, Folia oeconomica stetinensia.
- Jędrzejczak-Gas, J., Barska, A. and Siničáková, M. (2019) Level of development of e-commerce in EU countries, Management (Zielona Góra).
- Moczarny, I., de Villiers, M. and van Biljon, J. (2012) How can usability contribute to user experience?: a study in the domain of e-commerce, in ACM International Conference Proceeding Series. NEW YORK: ACM (SAICSIT ’12).
- Nescott, B.K. (2011) E-commerce Coming Into Its Own. Hauppauge, NY: Nova Science Publishers, Inc (Internet Theory, Technology and Applications).
- Sudhakaran, N. (2022) CONSUMER BUYING BEHAVIOUR TOWARDS E-COMMERCE DURING COVID-19, International journal on global business management & research.
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Author: Janina Klüsch
