Two-way ANOVA
Two-way ANOVA, short for two-way analysis of variances and also called two-factorial ANOVA, is a statistical method which is applied to investigate the effect of two categorial independent variables on one dependent variable. Those independent variables are also called factors.[1] In the course of the analysis, three different effects are of interest:[2]
- Main effect of factor A on the dependent variable
- Main effect of factor B on the dependent variable
- Interaction effect of factor A and B
Differences compared to one-way ANOVA
Just like the one-way ANOVA, a two-way ANOVA investigates differences of group means.[3] The main difference lies in the number of independent variables or factors used. While the effect of only one factor on the dependent variable is analyzed for the one-way ANOVA, two-way ANOVA investigates the effects and interaction of two factors.[4] Thus, both row mean differences and column mean differences are investigated. However, the main question of interest is equal for that of the one-way ANOVA:[5]
- “Why does any given score in our data deviate from the mean of all the data?”
Design
For conducting a two-factorial ANOVA one can use either a balanced or unbalanced design. An identical number of observations for each group would be called balanced, while a different number of subjects per group is called unbalanced. However, the main problem of unbalanced designs is that the estimates of main effects might be distorted and therefore might have to be adjusted.[6]
With a levels of factor A and b levels of factor B, the resulting data layout has a number of a x b cells or treatments. The following table shows a general data layout for two-way ANOVA analyses:[7]
Two-way ANOVA model
In the following, the model of a two-way ANOVA is shown:[8]
Footnotes
References
- Yigit, S. & Mendes, M. (2018). Which Effect Size Measure is Appropriate for One-Way and Two-Way ANOVA Models? - A Monte Carlo Simulation Study. “REVSTAT-Statistical Journal”, 16(3), 295–313.
- Wilcox, R. (2022). One-way and two-way anova: Inferences about a robust, heteroscedastic measure of effect size. “Methodology”, 18(1), 58-73.
- Pujar, P. M., Kenchannavar, H. H., Kulkarni, R. M. & Kulkarni, U. P. (2019). Real-time water quality monitoring through Internet of Things and ANOVA-based analysis: a case study on river Krishna. “Applied Water Science”, 10, 1-16.
