Security market line: Difference between revisions
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The security market line (SML) is a graphical representation of the relationship between the expected return of an individual security and the expected return of the broad market. The SML plots expected return on the y-axis (vertical axis) and the risk on the x-axis (horizontal axis). It is used to show the risk/return relationship for a portfolio of securities, and it is used to determine the appropriate level of risk for any given level of expected return. The SML is sometimes referred to as the characteristic line because it shows the relationship between the expected return of the security and its systematic risk. | The security [[market]] line (SML) is a graphical representation of the relationship between the expected return of an individual security and the expected return of the broad market. The SML plots expected return on the y-axis (vertical axis) and the [[risk]] on the x-axis (horizontal axis). It is used to show the risk/return relationship for a portfolio of securities, and it is used to determine the appropriate [[level of risk]] for any given level of expected return. The SML is sometimes referred to as the characteristic line because it shows the relationship between the expected return of the security and its [[systematic risk]]. | ||
==Security market line calculation== | ==Security market line calculation== | ||
To calculate the SML, you need to calculate the expected return and risk of a security. The expected return is calculated by taking the expected future cash flows and discounting them using the appropriate discount rate. The expected risk is calculated by measuring the volatility of the security's returns over time. Once these two values are calculated, the security can be plotted on the SML, and its expected return and risk can be compared to the expected return and risk of the broad market. | To calculate the SML, you [[need]] to calculate the expected return and risk of a security. The expected return is calculated by taking the expected future cash flows and discounting them using the appropriate discount rate. The expected risk is calculated by measuring the volatility of the security's returns over time. Once these two values are calculated, the security can be plotted on the SML, and its expected return and risk can be compared to the expected return and risk of the broad market. | ||
The expected return of a security can be calculated using the following formula: | The expected return of a security can be calculated using the following formula: | ||
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<math>E[r] = \sum_{i=1}^{n} \frac{C_i}{(1+r)^i}</math> | <math>E[r] = \sum_{i=1}^{n} \frac{C_i}{(1+r)^i}</math> | ||
Where E[r] is the expected return, | Where E[r] is the expected return, C<sub>i</sub> is the expected cash flow in period i, and r is the discount rate. | ||
The expected risk of a security can be calculated using the following formula: | The expected risk of a security can be calculated using the following formula: | ||
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<math>\sigma = \sqrt{\frac{1}{N}\sum_{i=1}^{N} (r_i - \mu)^2}</math> | <math>\sigma = \sqrt{\frac{1}{N}\sum_{i=1}^{N} (r_i - \mu)^2}</math> | ||
Where | Where σ is the expected risk, r<sub>i</sub> is the return in period i, and μ is the average return. | ||
==Other market lines== | ==Other market lines== | ||
Other similar market lines include the Capital Market Line (CML), which is similar to the SML except that it shows the relationship between the expected return and the risk-free rate; and the Market Portfolio Line (MPL), which is similar to the SML but plots the expected return against the expected return of the market portfolio. Additionally, the Capital Allocation Line (CAL) is similar to the SML but plots the expected return against the expected return of a portfolio of risky assets and the risk-free asset. | Other similar market lines include the Capital Market Line (CML), which is similar to the SML except that it shows the relationship between the expected return and the risk-free rate; and the Market Portfolio Line (MPL), which is similar to the SML but plots the expected return against the expected return of the market portfolio. Additionally, the Capital Allocation Line (CAL) is similar to the SML but plots the expected return against the expected return of a portfolio of risky assets and the risk-free asset. | ||
* Security Market Line (SML): Graphical representation of the relationship between the expected return of an individual security and the expected return of the broad market. Plots expected return on the y-axis (vertical axis) and risk on the x-axis (horizontal axis). | * '''Security Market Line (SML)''': Graphical representation of the relationship between the expected return of an individual security and the expected return of the broad market. Plots expected return on the y-axis (vertical axis) and risk on the x-axis (horizontal axis). | ||
* Capital Market Line (CML): Similar to SML except it shows the relationship between the expected return and the risk-free rate. | * '''Capital Market Line (CML)''': Similar to SML except it shows the relationship between the expected return and the risk-free rate. | ||
* Market Portfolio Line (MPL): Similar to SML but plots the expected return against the expected return of the market portfolio. | * '''Market Portfolio Line (MPL)''': Similar to SML but plots the expected return against the expected return of the market portfolio. | ||
* Capital Allocation Line (CAL): Similar to the SML but plots the expected return against the expected return of a portfolio of risky assets and the risk-free asset. | * '''Capital Allocation Line (CAL)''': Similar to the SML but plots the expected return against the expected return of a portfolio of risky assets and the risk-free asset. | ||
== | {{infobox5|list1={{i5link|a=[[Z spread]]}} — {{i5link|a=[[Required rate of return]]}} — {{i5link|a=[[Annualized rate]]}} — {{i5link|a=[[Unlevered beta]]}} — {{i5link|a=[[Nominal rate of return]]}} — {{i5link|a=[[Net present value (NPV)]]}} — {{i5link|a=[[Risk measures]]}} — {{i5link|a=[[Average annual growth rate]]}} — {{i5link|a=[[Portfolio risk]]}} }} | ||
==References== | |||
* Jylhä, P. (2018). ''[https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/jofi.12616?casa_token=ySWJaDP9ToQAAAAA:HNwtIMupSqTnc5yCwdCAnL8hxRVTgQcRhytydhqwKCzcpy7jpFW0233ww9BWmYF3_GJ5whAICTi0TZs Margin requirements and the security market line]''. The journal of Finance, 73(3), 1281-1321. | * Jylhä, P. (2018). ''[https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/jofi.12616?casa_token=ySWJaDP9ToQAAAAA:HNwtIMupSqTnc5yCwdCAnL8hxRVTgQcRhytydhqwKCzcpy7jpFW0233ww9BWmYF3_GJ5whAICTi0TZs Margin requirements and the security market line]''. The journal of Finance, 73(3), 1281-1321. | ||
* Jylhä, P. (2013). ''[https://www.cbs.dk/files/cbs.dk/paper_petrijylha.pdf Margin constraints and the security market line]''. Working Paper, Imperial College London. | * Jylhä, P. (2013). ''[https://www.cbs.dk/files/cbs.dk/paper_petrijylha.pdf Margin constraints and the security market line]''. Working Paper, Imperial College London. | ||
* Stulz, R. M. (1981). ''[https://u.osu.edu/stulz.1/files/2016/05/ontheeffects-1r5gfdw.pdf On the effects of barriers to international investment]''. The Journal of Finance, 36(4), 923-934. | * Stulz, R. M. (1981). ''[https://u.osu.edu/stulz.1/files/2016/05/ontheeffects-1r5gfdw.pdf On the effects of barriers to international investment]''. The Journal of Finance, 36(4), 923-934. | ||
[[Category:Stock exchange]] | [[Category:Stock exchange]] | ||
Latest revision as of 04:17, 18 November 2023
The security market line (SML) is a graphical representation of the relationship between the expected return of an individual security and the expected return of the broad market. The SML plots expected return on the y-axis (vertical axis) and the risk on the x-axis (horizontal axis). It is used to show the risk/return relationship for a portfolio of securities, and it is used to determine the appropriate level of risk for any given level of expected return. The SML is sometimes referred to as the characteristic line because it shows the relationship between the expected return of the security and its systematic risk.
Security market line calculation
To calculate the SML, you need to calculate the expected return and risk of a security. The expected return is calculated by taking the expected future cash flows and discounting them using the appropriate discount rate. The expected risk is calculated by measuring the volatility of the security's returns over time. Once these two values are calculated, the security can be plotted on the SML, and its expected return and risk can be compared to the expected return and risk of the broad market.
The expected return of a security can be calculated using the following formula:
![{\displaystyle E[r]=\sum _{i=1}^{n}{\frac {C_{i}}{(1+r)^{i}}}}](https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/30259c4518382b234755b6a39f189cce42621639)
Where E[r] is the expected return, Ci is the expected cash flow in period i, and r is the discount rate.
The expected risk of a security can be calculated using the following formula:
Where σ is the expected risk, ri is the return in period i, and μ is the average return.
Other market lines
Other similar market lines include the Capital Market Line (CML), which is similar to the SML except that it shows the relationship between the expected return and the risk-free rate; and the Market Portfolio Line (MPL), which is similar to the SML but plots the expected return against the expected return of the market portfolio. Additionally, the Capital Allocation Line (CAL) is similar to the SML but plots the expected return against the expected return of a portfolio of risky assets and the risk-free asset.
- Security Market Line (SML): Graphical representation of the relationship between the expected return of an individual security and the expected return of the broad market. Plots expected return on the y-axis (vertical axis) and risk on the x-axis (horizontal axis).
- Capital Market Line (CML): Similar to SML except it shows the relationship between the expected return and the risk-free rate.
- Market Portfolio Line (MPL): Similar to SML but plots the expected return against the expected return of the market portfolio.
- Capital Allocation Line (CAL): Similar to the SML but plots the expected return against the expected return of a portfolio of risky assets and the risk-free asset.
| Security market line — recommended articles |
| Z spread — Required rate of return — Annualized rate — Unlevered beta — Nominal rate of return — Net present value (NPV) — Risk measures — Average annual growth rate — Portfolio risk |
References
- Jylhä, P. (2018). Margin requirements and the security market line. The journal of Finance, 73(3), 1281-1321.
- Jylhä, P. (2013). Margin constraints and the security market line. Working Paper, Imperial College London.
- Stulz, R. M. (1981). On the effects of barriers to international investment. The Journal of Finance, 36(4), 923-934.
