Refinancing

Refinancing
See also
Prepayment Revolving loan Original issue discount Cumulative dividend Residual interest Implicit interest rate Open mortgage Marginal relief Long-term debt

Refinancing is the process of replacing an existing loan with a new loan with different terms. It is typically used to reduce the interest rate, change the type of mortgage, or free up cash. Refinancing offers a number of advantages, including:

• Lower interest rate: This is the most common reason for refinancing, as it offers a lower interest rate than the current loan, resulting in lower monthly payments.
• Change in loan type: Refinancing can be used to switch from an adjustable rate mortgage to a fixed rate mortgage, which is beneficial for people who want a consistent monthly payment.
• Pay off debt faster: Refinancing can also be used to pay off debt quicker, as it gives the borrower the opportunity to extend the loan term and make larger payments.
• Access equity: Refinancing can be used to access the equity in a home, allowing the borrower to take out a portion of the equity in the form of cash.

In conclusion, refinancing can be a great way to save money and make financial decisions that work best for the borrower. It is important to do research and understand the terms of the new loan before making any decisions.

Example of Refinancing

Let's say you have a $200,000 mortgage with an interest rate of 4.5%. If you refinance to a new loan with an interest rate of 3.5%, you could save up to $154 in monthly payments. Over the course of 30 years, this could result in an estimated savings of $56,000. The formula to calculate the total savings is as follows: ${\begin{aligned}Savings&=(InterestRate_{old}-InterestRate_{new})\times LoanAmount\times {\frac {NumberofYears}{12}}\\&=(4.5\%-3.5\%)\times 200,000\times {\frac {30}{12}}\\&=154\times 30\\&=\$56,000\end{aligned}}$

Formula of Refinancing

Let P = Principal r = Interest rate t = Time in years

The formula for calculating a loan payment is:

$P\times {\frac {r\times (1+r)^{t}}{(1+r)^{t}-1}}$

When to use Refinancing

Refinancing is a great option for homeowners who want to save money, change their loan type, or access their equity. It is important to understand the terms of the loan, as well as the interest rate and fees associated with refinancing, before making any decisions. Additionally, it is important to ensure that the savings from refinancing outweigh the costs of the loan, such as closing costs, to ensure the process is beneficial. Refinancing can be a great option for people who are looking for a more affordable and flexible loan, or who want to access their equity.

Types of Refinancing

There are several types of refinancing available, including cash-out refinance, rate-and-term refinance, and streamline refinance.

• Cash-out refinance: This type of refinance allows the borrower to take out a larger loan and use the extra cash to pay for other expenses.
• Rate-and-term refinance: This type of refinance allows the borrower to adjust the loan term and interest rate without taking out any additional cash.
• Streamline refinance: This type of refinance is available for borrowers who have an existing FHA or VA loan. It allows the borrower to refinance quickly and easily without the need for an appraisal or income verification.

Steps of Refinancing

The process of refinancing typically involves a few steps:

• Application: The borrower will need to fill out a loan application, which includes information about their income, assets, and credit history.
• Loan Approval: After the application has been submitted, the lender will review the borrower’s credit and financial information, and determine if they are qualified for the loan.
• Closing: Once the loan has been approved, the borrower will need to sign the loan documents and pay any closing costs.

Advantages of Refinancing

Refinancing can be a great way to save money and make financial decisions that work best for the borrower. It offers a number of advantages such as: lower interest rates, the ability to change loan types, pay off debt faster, and access equity. Lowering the interest rate is the most common reason for refinancing, as it reduces the monthly payments. Refinancing can also be used to switch from an adjustable rate mortgage to a fixed rate mortgage, or to pay off debt quicker by extending the loan term and making larger payments. Additionally, it can be used to access the equity in a home, allowing the borrower to take out a portion of the equity in the form of cash.

Limitations of Refinancing

Despite the advantages of refinancing, there are some potential drawbacks to consider. These include:

• Fees: Refinancing can involve a variety of fees, such as closing costs, points, appraisal fees, and more.
• Credit score: Refinancing can result in a decrease in credit score, as it involves a hard inquiry on the borrower’s credit report.
• Tax implications: Refinancing can also have tax implications, as the interest paid on the new loan might not be tax deductible.
• Locking into a new rate: Refinancing can lock the borrower into a new rate, which could be higher than current market rates

Other approaches related to Refinancing

Refinancing can also be used to take advantage of other approaches, such as:

• Cash-Out Refinancing: This is a type of refinancing in which the borrower takes out additional cash beyond the amount needed to pay off the original loan. This cash can be used for a variety of purposes, such as home renovation, debt consolidation, and investments.
• Rate and Term Refinancing: This is a type of refinancing in which the borrower pays off the existing loan and replaces it with a new loan with different terms, such as a longer loan term or a lower interest rate.
• Home Equity Line of Credit (HELOC): This is a type of refinancing in which the borrower takes out a loan against their home's equity. A HELOC allows the borrower to access a line of credit with a variable interest rate and make payments over time.

In conclusion, refinancing allows borrowers to take advantage of various approaches to reduce their monthly payments, pay off debt faster, and access equity. It is important to research the different options available and understand the terms and conditions of the new loan before making any decisions.

Suggested literature

• Harford, J., Klasa, S., & Maxwell, W. F. (2014). Refinancing risk and cash holdings. The Journal of Finance, 69(3), 975-1012.
• Danis, A., Rettl, D. A., & Whited, T. M. (2014). Refinancing, profitability, and capital structure. Journal of Financial Economics, 114(3), 424-443.
• Wong, A. (2019). Refinancing and the transmission of monetary policy to consumption. Unpublished manuscript, 20.