Inferior good

Inferior goods are those whose demand decreases as the consumer's income increases, which means that less is consumed the more money one has. This happens because the consumer, which has a higher income, can opt for substitute goods that can be more varied or of better quality.When the price of an inferior good falls, can happen two things :

• Since the price of the inferior good has fallen in comparison to other goods, consumers are more likely to substitute it for other goods, and also the quantity demanded increases as a result of the substitution effect.
• Consumers are indeed richer as a result of the lower price. Due to the inferiority of the good, this reduces the quantity needed.

Difference between Giffen Goods and Inferior goods

The difference between Giffen goods and inferior goods can be established based on the following arguments :

• Goods whose demand increases when prices rise are called Giffen goods.
• Goods whose demand decreases when consumer income rises above a certain level are called inferior goods.
• Giffen goods violate the law of demand, and inferior goods are part of consumer goods and services and are determinants of demand.
• There are no close substitutes for Giffen goods. On the contrary, inferior goods have better-quality substitutes.
• When prices fall, the overall price effect of Giffen goods will be negative. On the other hand, the price impact of inferior goods will be positive when prices fall.
• The demand curve for a Giffen good is positively sloped, whereas the demand curve for an inferior good is negatively sloped.

Characteristics of inferior goods

In economics, inferior goods are characterised by the variation which the demand for these products undergoes according to the income of consumers.

• Negative income elasticity: An increase in people's income causes a decrease in the quantity demanded of the inferior good, due to this the increase in people's income has a negative income elasticity, the higher a person's budget, the lower the consumption of an inferior good.
• Positive demand curve: An increase in the price of these goods does not have a negative effect on demand, which, despite the higher price of commodities, is the cheapest option for lower-income consumers.

Consequently, this demand curve will always be positive, due to the income effect.

Examples of inferior goods

Some examples of inferior goods are:

• Bread: is a cheap, filling food that consumers switch from to more expensive meat or convenience foods as their incomes rise.
• Margarine: is a food that consumers switch from margarine to butter, although this has recently become less true due to increased health awareness.
• Bus transportation: is a service that consumers switch from to their own cars when they can afford to purchase a car.
• Color TV: it was an inferior good, because people who their income raised, change from a white and blak TV to a colour one.
• Buying properties:when more people are able to buy their own homes, demand for private leased housing declines.
• Theater and movie tickets: is an activity in which users do not tend to invest due to its high price.

Depending on the degree of wealth, a good can be both typical and substandard. For those with little resources, bread may be a common good.

References

• Chaunan, SPS. (2009). MICROECONOMICS: Theory and Applications, Part 1. University of Delhi.
• Rittenberg, L. (2012). Principles of Microeconomics. Flatworld knowledge.

Author: Sonia María Soriano Marín

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