Histogram
Histogram is a compilation of data, in the form of a statistical chart consisting of adjacent bars (rectangles), which illustrates the number of occurrence of test features in population or sample.
The base (which rests on the horizontal axis) are size of class compartments.
This method of construction is used when a number of distribution ranges are equal. If the series has unequal intervals, the height of the rectangles is determined by the index of abundance (frequency) corresponding to the various classes.
Indices of abundance (frequency) shall be determined as follows:
where:
- k - abundance of the class,
- i - narrowest class interval
- l - class interval.
The histograms are used mainly to present the structure of the population (or phenomenon), hence structural series of qualitative and quantitative characteristics.
Charts highlighting the basic features of the population (or phenomenon) must be precisely adapted to the nature of these features.
Histogram Construction
The Histogram as other statistical charts consists of several parts:
- field,
- bars,
- scale,
- title,
- legend,
- source.
The basis for drawing up a histogram that describes the accuracy of the occurring in population (phenomena) is a rectangular coordinate system, with the main attention to the selection of the scale and precise graphical image.
A special form of the histogram is cumulative histogram. The horizontal axis in a rectangular coordinate system the accumulated numbers are shown.
Benefits and limitations of histogram
Benefits of histograms include:
- They provide a clear and intuitive visual representation of the distribution of a dataset.
- They can reveal the presence of outliers and skewness in the data.
- They can be used to identify potential errors in data collection or measurement.
Limitations of histograms include:
- They can be affected by the choice of bin size and location, which can obscure important features of the data.
- They are not well-suited for displaying continuous data or data with small sample sizes.
- They do not provide information about the correlation between variables.
- They can be misleading if the sample size is small or if the data is not representative of the population.
Examples of Histogram
- The most common example of a histogram is a bar graph that illustrates the distribution of a set of data. It is used to visualize how many elements are in each category of a data set. For example, a histogram can be used to show the distribution of grades in a classroom.
- Another example of a histogram is a frequency polygon, which is a line graph that shows the relative frequency of a data set. This type of graph is often used to compare the distributions of two or more different sets of data. For example, a frequency polygon could be used to compare the distribution of test scores for two classes.
- Histograms can also be used to analyze the distribution of physical characteristics, such as height or weight. For example, a histogram could be used to show the distribution of heights among a group of people.
Other approaches to visualizing data related to a histogram are:
- Boxplot: Boxplots are used to show the distribution of data by showing the median, quartiles, maximum, and minimum values of a data set.
- Line Graph: Line graphs provide a visual representation of data that changes over time. They are used to track trends, compare multiple values, and provide a visual representation of data.
- Scatterplot: Scatterplots are used to show the relationship between two variables by plotting data points on a graph.
- Bar Graphs: Bar graphs are used to compare data between different categories. They can show the relative sizes of different categories, or how the values of different categories compare to each other.
In summary, other approaches to visualizing data related to a histogram include boxplots, line graphs, scatterplots, and bar graphs. Each of these approaches provides a different kind of visual representation of data, allowing for more detailed analysis of the data than a histogram alone.
| Histogram — recommended articles |
| Attribute control chart — Parametric analysis — Descriptive statistics — Box diagram — Scatter diagram — Quantitative variable — Control chart — Anderson darling normality test — Matrix diagram |
