Industrial park
Industrial park is essentially systematising in nature for organised economic complexes within which the policy is implemented: - support for young, innovative, growth-oriented enterprises products and production methods in technologically advanced industries; - optimisation of technology transfer conditions and commercialisation of research results from scientific institutions to business practice [1] .
Organisational structure of a industrial park
There are four elements in the organisational structure of an industrial park:
- park's infrastructure, which is land, buildings, joint facilities service, social base and network of service companies;
- park management centre, i.e. park management (with full-time employees)
- technological potential, which is a kind of park core technology (public research centres, universities, departments, etc.).
- a group of small and medium-sized innovative companies specialising in the rapid acquisition of advanced technologies;
- a group of innovative small and medium-sized enterprises specialising in the rapid mastering of advanced technologies
The aim of building Industrial parks is to disseminate one of the most complex institutional forms, which is to ensure increased effectiveness of using the results of research and development work in economic and social practice. The main task of the park is to create an innovative environment at the interface between science and business, capable of transforming knowledge into new products and services. Improvement of conditions for the course of innovation processes is to lead to increased competitiveness and dynamic regional development [2].
In practice, there are many initiatives under the names of parks: science, research, science, science and technology, industry and technology, technopoles, etc. The names are often used to describe parks. The names often result from the traditions of individual countries, e.g. in the United States we meet "research parks", in the United Kingdom "science parks", and in France - "technopoles". The Polish contribution to naming is certainly an industrial and technological park [3].
Type of industrial parks
A type of industrial parks are also technology parks. These are complexes of separate real estates together with technical infrastructure, created in order to transfer knowledge and technology between science entities and entrepreneurs. In their area there are usually technology incubators. The name technological park is identical with other names used interchangeably all over the world. Other names found in literature include: science park, science and technology park, research park or technopoly. The International Association of Science Parks (IASP) has prepared the following definition: an institution managed by specialists whose main objective is to promote innovative culture and competitiveness of science and research institutes and companies associated in the park [4]. The Park manages the process of knowledge and technology transfer between universities, science and research institutions and enterprises. It also encourages the creation and development of innovative companies, offering the possibility of incubation and support for the processes of creating spin-off companies. The science park performs functions similar to a technology park, however, the production conducted in it is limited to prototype production [5] .
Apart from the technological park institutions, there are also: an industrial park and an industrial and technological park. These concepts are applied depending on the adopted profile of activity or specialization.
| Industrial park — recommended articles |
| Cluster development — International corporation — Business incubator — Innovative systems — Sources of innovation — International Organization for Standardization — Knowledge based economy — Innovation — Centre of excellence |
References
- Chertow, M.R., 2000., Industrial Symbiosis: Literature and Taxonomy. Annu. Rev. Energy Environ. 25, 313-337.
- Gujarat Government, 2017. Business: Industrial parks.
- Hewes, A.K., Lyons, D.I., 2008., The Humanistic Side of Eco-Industrial Parks: Champions and the Role of Trust . Reg. Stud. 42, 1329-1342
- Lowe, E.A., 2001. Eco-industrial parks: A handbook. Asian Development Bank, Manila, Philippines.
- Massard, G., Jacquat, O., Zürcher, D., 2014., International survey on eco-innovation parks: Learning from experiences on the spatial dimension of eco-innovation. FOEN. (4170)
Footnotes
Author: Patrycja Barszcz
