Types of production

Production type depend on the degree of specialization of the individual workstations and related stability level associated with the performance of the operators in the production process. Production type depends on the setup frequency of machines and equipment. It refers to a specific machine center, which provides a crucial link in the basic structure of the manufacturing process.

Two indicators are used to determine the type of production:

1. Ratio of operations performed per workstation (for existing production units)

\( k = \frac{\sum{dli}}{Ld} \)

• k - ratio of operations (machine setup) in the production cell

dli - count (total) of carried out operations (setups) in manufacturing cell

Ld - number of workstations in the production cell

Ranges of "k" ratio determine particular type of production:

• k = 1 - mass production type
• k = 2 ÷ 10 - large series production type
• k = 10 ÷ 20 - average series production type
• k = 20 ÷ 30 - small batch production
• k > 30 - unitary production

1. Machine center operations load factor (for the new production units)

\(\eta ij = \frac{Zgi}{Mgij} = \frac{Nni * tij}{Fj * \phi j}\)

η ij-j - load factor of particular machine center of ij-th operation

Zgi - hourly task of the i-th component

Mgij - hourly capacity of ij-th operation

Nni - production program of the i-th component

Fj - working time fund for j-th machine center

tij - unit of normative effort for ij-th operation

φj - planned correction factor for the standard of execution

Using the coefficient ηij following types of production are distinguished:

• η ij = 1 - mass production type
• η ij = 0, 5 ÷ 0, 2 - large series production type
• η ij = 0, 2 ÷ 0, 05 - average series production type
• η ij = 0, 05 to 0, 03 - small batch production type
• η ij < 0, 03 - unitary production type

References

• Stevenson, W. J., & Sum, C. C. (2009). Operations management (Vol. 8). Boston, MA: McGraw-Hill/Irwin.