Cluster: Difference between revisions
(Infobox update) |
m (Text cleaning) |
||
| (3 intermediate revisions by 2 users not shown) | |||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
'''Clusters''' are geographic concentrations of interconnected companies, specialized suppliers, services, companies operating in related industries and associated institutions (universities, research, [[standardization]] and trade associations) in specific areas, competing or cooperating. | '''Clusters''' are geographic concentrations of interconnected companies, specialized suppliers, services, companies operating in related industries and associated institutions (universities, research, [[standardization]] and trade associations) in specific areas, competing or cooperating. | ||
Companies forming the cluster are focused on strengthening the [[competitiveness]] of the cluster, by growth of [[specialization]] of cooperating companies and institutions to achieve [[economies of scale]] and scope. It results in the division of labour and the creation of specialized factors of [[production]]. | Companies forming the cluster are focused on strengthening the [[competitiveness]] of the cluster, by growth of [[specialization]] of cooperating companies and institutions to achieve [[economies of scale]] and scope. It results in the division of labour and the creation of specialized factors of [[production]]. | ||
Other names used for clusters include: industrial districts, local production systems, agglomerations of enterprises. Industrial cluster concept was formulated by American economist [[Porter's five forces concept|Michael Porter]], and its precursor was British economist [[Alfred Marshall]]. | Other names used for clusters include: industrial districts, local production systems, agglomerations of enterprises. Industrial cluster concept was formulated by American [[economist]] [[Porter's five forces concept|Michael Porter]], and its precursor was British economist [[Alfred Marshall]]. | ||
==Types of clusters== | ==Types of clusters== | ||
| Line 28: | Line 13: | ||
==Cluster and innovation== | ==Cluster and innovation== | ||
A cluster is a structure that because of the ability to use [[innovation]] and organizational [[capabilities]] of the regional [[environment]] and the ability to accumulate intellectual capital and its efficient use, fits perfectly in the modern paradigm of innovation, its systemic, holistic, and interactive approach. Cluster combines the flexibility of small firms in innovation and global scale of large companies. [[Near environment|Local environment]] cooperates with companies e.g.: state institutions, [[research and development]] organizations, standards bodies, [[quality]] control laboratories and universities, and even professional, political and cultural organizations. | A cluster is a structure that because of the ability to use [[innovation]] and organizational [[capabilities]] of the regional [[environment]] and the ability to accumulate intellectual capital and its efficient use, fits perfectly in the modern paradigm of innovation, its systemic, holistic, and interactive approach. Cluster combines the flexibility of small firms in innovation and global scale of large companies. [[Near environment|Local environment]] cooperates with companies e.g.: state institutions, [[research and development]] organizations, standards bodies, [[quality]] control laboratories and universities, and even professional, political and cultural organizations. | ||
==Benefits and risks== | ==Benefits and risks== | ||
Clusters are formed in virtually all economic sectors in many countries. A growing number of clusters indicates the country's economic upturn. Clusters enhance the innovation environment, increase the export and attract foreign investment. | Clusters are formed in virtually all economic sectors in many countries. A growing number of clusters indicates the country's economic upturn. Clusters enhance the innovation environment, increase the export and attract foreign [[investment]]. | ||
Participation in clusters can sometimes inhibit innovation. This happens when the [[management]] uses schematic thinking and companies strive to maintain the existing, well-known and safe standards | Participation in clusters can sometimes inhibit innovation. This happens when the [[management]] uses schematic thinking and companies strive to maintain the existing, well-known and safe standards | ||
{{infobox5|list1={{i5link|a=[[International corporation]]}} — {{i5link|a=[[Industrial park]]}} — {{i5link|a=[[Cluster development]]}} — {{i5link|a=[[Managament of development]]}} — {{i5link|a=[[Holding]]}} — {{i5link|a=[[Syndicate]]}} — {{i5link|a=[[Centrally planned economy]]}} — {{i5link|a=[[Business group]]}} — {{i5link|a=[[International division of labor]]}} }} | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
* Kozuch, M. A., Ryan, M. P., Gass, R., Schlosser, S. W., O'Hallaron, D., Cipar, J.,... & Ganger, G. R. (2009, June). ''[http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1555282 Tashi: location-aware cluster management]''. In Proceedings of the 1st workshop on Automated control for datacenters and clouds (p. 43-48). ACM. | * Kozuch, M. A., Ryan, M. P., Gass, R., Schlosser, S. W., O'Hallaron, D., Cipar, J.,... & Ganger, G. R. (2009, June). ''[http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1555282 Tashi: location-aware cluster management]''. In Proceedings of the 1st workshop on Automated control for datacenters and clouds (p. 43-48). ACM. | ||
[[Category:Strategic management]] | [[Category:Strategic management]] | ||
[[Category:Knowledge management]] | [[Category:Knowledge management]] | ||
[[pl:Klaster]] | [[pl:Klaster]] | ||
Latest revision as of 18:23, 17 November 2023
Clusters are geographic concentrations of interconnected companies, specialized suppliers, services, companies operating in related industries and associated institutions (universities, research, standardization and trade associations) in specific areas, competing or cooperating.
Companies forming the cluster are focused on strengthening the competitiveness of the cluster, by growth of specialization of cooperating companies and institutions to achieve economies of scale and scope. It results in the division of labour and the creation of specialized factors of production.
Other names used for clusters include: industrial districts, local production systems, agglomerations of enterprises. Industrial cluster concept was formulated by American economist Michael Porter, and its precursor was British economist Alfred Marshall.
Types of clusters
There are three types of clusters:
- Industrial District model - small and medium enterprises with a high degree of specialization, a strong rivalry, relations based on trust (e.g. Silicon Valley)
- Leading company model - large hierarchically related corporations with extensive group of small and medium businesses (e.g. Seattle-Boeing)
- Satellite model - a group of small and medium businesses dependent on external companies (e.g. the region of Manaus in Brazil)
Cluster and innovation
A cluster is a structure that because of the ability to use innovation and organizational capabilities of the regional environment and the ability to accumulate intellectual capital and its efficient use, fits perfectly in the modern paradigm of innovation, its systemic, holistic, and interactive approach. Cluster combines the flexibility of small firms in innovation and global scale of large companies. Local environment cooperates with companies e.g.: state institutions, research and development organizations, standards bodies, quality control laboratories and universities, and even professional, political and cultural organizations.
Benefits and risks
Clusters are formed in virtually all economic sectors in many countries. A growing number of clusters indicates the country's economic upturn. Clusters enhance the innovation environment, increase the export and attract foreign investment.
Participation in clusters can sometimes inhibit innovation. This happens when the management uses schematic thinking and companies strive to maintain the existing, well-known and safe standards
| Cluster — recommended articles |
| International corporation — Industrial park — Cluster development — Managament of development — Holding — Syndicate — Centrally planned economy — Business group — International division of labor |
References
- Kozuch, M. A., Ryan, M. P., Gass, R., Schlosser, S. W., O'Hallaron, D., Cipar, J.,... & Ganger, G. R. (2009, June). Tashi: location-aware cluster management. In Proceedings of the 1st workshop on Automated control for datacenters and clouds (p. 43-48). ACM.
