Unfair competition: Difference between revisions
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'''Unfair [[competition]]''' is the use of another manufacturer's trademarks as your own. The use of a trademark almost identical to another [[producer]]'s mark is also considered unfair competition <ref>Dinwoodie G. B. (2013)</ref>. According to Allen N. L. the signs of unfair competition are "infringement of trademarks and trade names, the imitation of appearance and dress of a [[competitor]]'s product, the appropriation of a competitor's intangible property rights such as trade secrets created by the competitor, [[deceptive advertising]], interference with a competitor's contractual relations, and the disparagement of the competitor's product or business methods" <ref> Allen N. L. (2019)</ref>. | '''Unfair [[competition]]''' is the use of another manufacturer's trademarks as your own. The use of a trademark almost identical to another [[producer]]'s mark is also considered unfair competition <ref>Dinwoodie G. B. (2013)</ref>. According to Allen N. L. the signs of unfair competition are "infringement of trademarks and trade names, the imitation of appearance and dress of a [[competitor]]'s product, the appropriation of a competitor's intangible property rights such as trade secrets created by the competitor, [[deceptive advertising]], interference with a competitor's contractual relations, and the disparagement of the competitor's product or business methods" <ref> Allen N. L. (2019)</ref>. | ||
'''Types of trademark infringement'''<ref> Flinn P. J. (2000)</ref>: | '''Types of trademark infringement'''<ref> Flinn P. J. (2000)</ref>: | ||
# Trademark dilution is one type of unfair competition. This happens when a recognizable and known mark is used by others, which may result in the loss of the specific character of the mark. | # Trademark dilution is one type of unfair competition. This happens when a recognizable and known mark is used by others, which may result in the loss of the specific character of the mark. | ||
# Virtual deception of customers or the public in the scope of conducting business activity. | # Virtual deception of customers or the public in the scope of conducting [[business activity]]. | ||
# Trademark infringement using a third-party trademark. This results in consumers being misled as to the origin and source of services or goods bearing this trademark. | # Trademark infringement using a third-party trademark. This results in consumers being misled as to the origin and source of services or goods bearing this trademark. | ||
==Unfair competition and trademarks== | ==Unfair competition and trademarks== | ||
Under current trademark assumptions, this genre contains imaginary, distinctive, peculiar, authoritative and indescribable trademarks. Their dishonest embezzlement was prohibited and their compensation was only possible after proof that the defendant had used the same or deceptively similar trademark. The issue of protecting the trademarks of other products, such as [[company]] names, trade names, geographical concepts, and descriptions, was viewed quite differently. The theory of formal property rights did not apply to these signs.These trademarks did not fall within the scope of protected trademarks. Nevertheless, protection against duplication was possible thanks to the doctrine of avoiding unfair competition, especially in matters related to trademarks. Ultimately, state and federal courts have covered the doctrine of unfair competition in many other cases of fraud and dishonesty <ref> Dornis | Under current trademark assumptions, this genre contains imaginary, distinctive, peculiar, authoritative and indescribable trademarks. Their dishonest embezzlement was prohibited and their compensation was only possible after proof that the defendant had used the same or deceptively similar trademark. The issue of protecting the trademarks of other products, such as [[company]] names, trade names, geographical concepts, and descriptions, was viewed quite differently. The theory of formal property rights did not apply to these signs.These trademarks did not fall within the scope of protected trademarks. Nevertheless, protection against duplication was possible thanks to the doctrine of avoiding unfair competition, especially in matters related to trademarks. Ultimately, state and federal courts have covered the doctrine of unfair competition in many other cases of fraud and dishonesty <ref> Dornis T. W. (2017)</ref>. Trademark law is only part of the law on unfair competition. The basic function of a trademark is not a basis for accepting property rights, but for identifying and labeling a good as a [[product]] manufactured by a specific manufacturer. The trademark also has the function of protecting goods against selling other products under their own [[brand]]. Someone who owns a trademark cannot use it like the owner of the invention uses patents <ref>Hilliard D. C. , Welch II J. N. (2012)</ref>. | ||
==Unfair competition and intellectual property== | ==Unfair competition and intellectual property== | ||
The legal initiative of unfair competition is well established at international level. Intellectual property is cited as one of the specific types of industrial property. Unlike patents, industrial designs and trademarks, the framework for what it means to protect against unfair competition is not more transparent. Until now, there is no clear answer to the question of what unfair competition really is <ref> Lee N. (2014)</ref>. | The legal initiative of unfair competition is well established at international level. Intellectual property is cited as one of the specific types of industrial property. Unlike patents, industrial designs and trademarks, the framework for what it means to protect against unfair competition is not more transparent. Until now, there is no clear answer to the question of what unfair competition really is <ref> Lee N. (2014)</ref>. | ||
{{infobox5|list1={{i5link|a=[[Arms length price]]}} — {{i5link|a=[[Franchise]]}} — {{i5link|a=[[Breach of warranty]]}} — {{i5link|a=[[Value added tax]]}} — {{i5link|a=[[Trade exchange]]}} — {{i5link|a=[[Consumer rights]]}} — {{i5link|a=[[Certificate of inspection]]}} — {{i5link|a=[[Right to use]]}} — {{i5link|a=[[Exemption clause]]}} }} | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
* Allen N. L. (2019), [https://books.google.pl/books?id=cNEasYYJ_MkC&dq=Unfair+competition&hl=pl&source=gbs_navlinks_s''North Carolina Unfair Business Practice''] LexisNexis | * Allen N. L. (2019), [https://books.google.pl/books?id=cNEasYYJ_MkC&dq=Unfair+competition&hl=pl&source=gbs_navlinks_s''North Carolina Unfair Business Practice''] LexisNexis | ||
* Dinwoodie G. B. (2013), [https://books.google.pl/books?id=57zfDgAAQBAJ&dq=dinwoodie+2013&hl=pl&source=gbs_navlinks_s''Trademarks and Unfair Competition: Law and Policy''] Wolters Kluwer Law & Business | * Dinwoodie G. B. (2013), [https://books.google.pl/books?id=57zfDgAAQBAJ&dq=dinwoodie+2013&hl=pl&source=gbs_navlinks_s''Trademarks and Unfair Competition: Law and Policy''] Wolters Kluwer Law & Business | ||
* Dornis | * Dornis T. W. (2017), [https://books.google.pl/books?id=ufURDgAAQBAJ&dq=unfair+competition&hl=pl&source=gbs_navlinks_s''Trademark and Unfair Competition Conflicts''] Cambridge University Press | ||
* Flinn P. J. (2000), [https://books.google.pl/books?id=qLrafnllh84C&dq=types+of+unfair+competition&hl=pl&source=gbs_navlinks_s''Handbook of Intellectual Property Claims and Remedies''] Aspen Publishers Online | * Flinn P. J. (2000), [https://books.google.pl/books?id=qLrafnllh84C&dq=types+of+unfair+competition&hl=pl&source=gbs_navlinks_s''Handbook of Intellectual Property Claims and Remedies''] Aspen Publishers Online | ||
* Hilliard D. C. Welch II J. N. (red.) (2012), [https://books.google.pl/books?id=pcmQhjdvKR8C&dq=unfair+competition&hl=pl&source=gbs_navlinks_s''Trademarks and Unfair Competition''] LexisNexis | * Hilliard D. C. Welch II J. N. (red.) (2012), [https://books.google.pl/books?id=pcmQhjdvKR8C&dq=unfair+competition&hl=pl&source=gbs_navlinks_s''Trademarks and Unfair Competition''] LexisNexis | ||
* Lee N. (red.) (2014), [https://books.google.pl/books?id=dd5nAwAAQBAJ&dq=unfair+competition&hl=pl&source=gbs_navlinks_s''Intellectual Property, Unfair Competition and Publicity''] | * Lee N. (red.) (2014), [https://books.google.pl/books?id=dd5nAwAAQBAJ&dq=unfair+competition&hl=pl&source=gbs_navlinks_s''Intellectual Property, Unfair Competition and Publicity''] Edward Elgar Publishing | ||
==Footnotes== | ==Footnotes== | ||
Latest revision as of 06:28, 18 November 2023
Unfair competition is the use of another manufacturer's trademarks as your own. The use of a trademark almost identical to another producer's mark is also considered unfair competition [1]. According to Allen N. L. the signs of unfair competition are "infringement of trademarks and trade names, the imitation of appearance and dress of a competitor's product, the appropriation of a competitor's intangible property rights such as trade secrets created by the competitor, deceptive advertising, interference with a competitor's contractual relations, and the disparagement of the competitor's product or business methods" [2].
Types of trademark infringement[3]:
- Trademark dilution is one type of unfair competition. This happens when a recognizable and known mark is used by others, which may result in the loss of the specific character of the mark.
- Virtual deception of customers or the public in the scope of conducting business activity.
- Trademark infringement using a third-party trademark. This results in consumers being misled as to the origin and source of services or goods bearing this trademark.
Unfair competition and trademarks
Under current trademark assumptions, this genre contains imaginary, distinctive, peculiar, authoritative and indescribable trademarks. Their dishonest embezzlement was prohibited and their compensation was only possible after proof that the defendant had used the same or deceptively similar trademark. The issue of protecting the trademarks of other products, such as company names, trade names, geographical concepts, and descriptions, was viewed quite differently. The theory of formal property rights did not apply to these signs.These trademarks did not fall within the scope of protected trademarks. Nevertheless, protection against duplication was possible thanks to the doctrine of avoiding unfair competition, especially in matters related to trademarks. Ultimately, state and federal courts have covered the doctrine of unfair competition in many other cases of fraud and dishonesty [4]. Trademark law is only part of the law on unfair competition. The basic function of a trademark is not a basis for accepting property rights, but for identifying and labeling a good as a product manufactured by a specific manufacturer. The trademark also has the function of protecting goods against selling other products under their own brand. Someone who owns a trademark cannot use it like the owner of the invention uses patents [5].
Unfair competition and intellectual property
The legal initiative of unfair competition is well established at international level. Intellectual property is cited as one of the specific types of industrial property. Unlike patents, industrial designs and trademarks, the framework for what it means to protect against unfair competition is not more transparent. Until now, there is no clear answer to the question of what unfair competition really is [6].
| Unfair competition — recommended articles |
| Arms length price — Franchise — Breach of warranty — Value added tax — Trade exchange — Consumer rights — Certificate of inspection — Right to use — Exemption clause |
References
- Allen N. L. (2019), North Carolina Unfair Business Practice LexisNexis
- Dinwoodie G. B. (2013), Trademarks and Unfair Competition: Law and Policy Wolters Kluwer Law & Business
- Dornis T. W. (2017), Trademark and Unfair Competition Conflicts Cambridge University Press
- Flinn P. J. (2000), Handbook of Intellectual Property Claims and Remedies Aspen Publishers Online
- Hilliard D. C. Welch II J. N. (red.) (2012), Trademarks and Unfair Competition LexisNexis
- Lee N. (red.) (2014), Intellectual Property, Unfair Competition and Publicity Edward Elgar Publishing
Footnotes
Author: Barbara Rojek
