Extreme tourism

Extreme tourism
See also
Specialty tourism Mountain tourism Weep hole Coastal tourism Deterministic effect Break bulk cargo Urban tourism Balanced design Waste stream

Extreme tourism brings together the most specialized form of tourist activities. In contented societies, living in concrete and asphalt landscape, people began to look for the possibility of letting off steam in nature and rebound stress. they adore risks and madness. Walkers attempt to overcome the one-off 100 km and more, kayakers floating down from the mountains rushing rivers, the riders are pushing the peaks of mountain paths, skiers come to ski on high peaks on snowmobile untouched snow cover.

Causes of extreme tourism interest

Fig.1. Place of extreme tourism among other types of tourism

Increasingly popular among young people becomes sports at increased risk, called extreme sports. These are sports whose practice requires extraordinary skill and courage to bear high risk, and also very often a threat to life. Sports with an increased risk, are all involving outside routes or areas not prepared for regular sport activity. Extreme sports include, in particular: base jumping, caving, air sports, mountain biking, motocross, riding on jet skis, motorboat racing, or high mountain climbing.

Rafting on rushing mountain river, jump rope, or other extreme sports require a lot of courage. However, there are people who can not live without extreme experiences, and practicing such sports gives meaning to their lives. It may be due to the fact that when someone tries once, it is difficult to stop because of excitement and elevated adrenaline level.

Extreme water tourism activities

• Canyoning - is a field invented by tourists practicing mountaineering, canoeing, climbing and cave exploration. It involves long hours of arduous climbing with sophisticated hardware for runoff narrow, steep gorges of mountain rivers.

to the pond located at the foot of the hill. Along the way they must steer clear of stones and boulders sticking out towards them.

• Hydrospeeding - based on overcoming mountain rivers with the flow on a small plastic board, in an appropriate protective attire (neoprene suit, helmet, flippers, protectors on the knees and elbows).
• Canoe Slalom - grown on rushing mountain rivers.
• Freediving - breath-hold diving
• Diving - free diving and snorkeling includes scuba diving underwater on apnea from 50m to 100-800m, spearfishing, underwater navigation on the route, as well as underwater team games.

Underwater tourism are performed in the following forms:

• diving breath-hold:
  • deep diving,
  • spearfishing
• free swimming using diving duit:
  • wreck exploration
  • cave diving,
  • under ice diving,
  • night diving.
• Kiteboarding – which is the kind of gliding on the surfboard after jumping from airplane

often with aerobatics, and parachute landing.

• Wakeboarding - involving gliding and surfing after motorboat,
• Windsurfing – gliding on special board with a sail.

Extreme tourism on land

• Adventure racing - usually a form of long-distance run on orientation (from several to several hundred kilometers), combining trekking, mountain biking, swimming and ski running.
• Climbing - the movement of the ground so steep that it requires use of hands to maintain balance. There are many types of climbing, including climbing on rocks several meters high (bouldering) and climbing to more than eight thousand peaks in Himalayas. It is performed using natural features of rock and terrain. Climbing equipment is only used for belaying in the event of a fall. There is also solo climb, which does not use any belaying or protective equipment.
• Caving – involves the examination and exploration of caves and spelunking. Most are performed in hard to access and dangerous places. In many caves are present narrow straits, traps, cliffs, places, threatening to collapse and falls off the rocks.
• Base jumping - which is kind of parachuting from buildings, antenna masts, bridges and rocks, the acronym "BASE" is derived from: Building, Antenna, Span, Earth.
• Bungejumping - jumping from high places on the rubber tied to the legs, for example.

bridges, brackets, structures, rock cliffs.

• Jumping dream - the essence of which is the zip on line between two tall buildings, rocks, or over the ravine.
• Mountain biking - on marked trails and bike paths, forest roads and off-road, for example: downhill.
• Motocross - a form of motorcycle racing performed on special tracks. Motocross tracks are usually intentionally piled up with sand, clay or mud.
• Parkour - involves overcoming urban obstacles in an effective way.
• Mountainboarding - which involves riding down the steep slope, on a board with wheels.
• Paintball - an outdoor war game, using specially designed air gun, sling bullets with paint.
• Streetluge - which is a fast descent on a trolley with wheels on the steep and winding asphalt roads.
• Ski alpinism – which combines mountain downhill skiing, climbing and hiking mountain in winter and skiing, requires great physical, fitness, knowledge of the specificities of mountains, climbing skills and sophisticated equipment.

Extreme air tourism

• Paragliding - sport and a form of recreation which consists of flying with a paraglider. Is one of the most popular aviation sports.
• Skydiving with parachute - sport involving the performance of jumps,

in which - depending on the discipline - is assessed component of stroke, e.g. to perform acrobatics in free fall, performing acrobatics in the open canopy or precision landing

• Skysurfing - skydiving on a snowboard.
• Hang gliding - is a form of flying with the glider, which wing is stretched on the aluminum or plastic rack. By using internal combustion engine hang gliding becomes motor gliding.

References

• Baldacchino, G. (Ed.). (2006). Extreme tourism: Lessons from the world's cold water islands]. Routledge.
• Klaus, P., & Maklan, S. (2011). Bridging the gap for destination extreme sports: A model of sports tourism customer experience. Journal of Marketing Management, 27(13-14), 1341-1365.
• Extreme tourism @ Wikipedia