Psychological drives

Psychological drives
See also
Dimensions of personality Effects of emotions Sense of identity Cognitive dissonance theory Sense of belonging Motivation and emotion Social cognitive theory Need Individual and society

Psychological drives refer to the basic needs and motivations that influence an individual's behavior and decision-making. These drives are thought to be innate and are often linked to the survival and reproduction of the individual or species. Examples of psychological drives include hunger, thirst, and the desire for safety and security. Maslow's hierarchy of needs is a commonly cited framework for understanding the different levels of psychological drives, with basic physiological needs at the bottom and self-actualization at the top.

Types of psychological drives

There are many different types of psychological drives that have been proposed in the literature. Here are a few examples:

• Physiological drives: These are the basic needs that are necessary for survival, such as hunger, thirst, and the need for sleep.
• Safety and security drives: These are the needs for protection and stability, such as the need for a safe living environment and the need for a sense of security.
• Love and belonging drives: These are the needs for social interaction, companionship, and affection, such as the need for friends, family, and romantic relationships.
• Esteem drives: These are the needs for self-esteem and respect from others, such as the need for recognition, achievement, and self-worth.
• Self-actualization drives: These are the needs for personal growth, self-fulfillment, and the realization of one's potential, such as the need for self-expression, creativity, and autonomy.
• Sexual drive: This drive is related to reproduction, and the desire to engage in sexual behavior.
• Curiosity drive: This drive refers to the motivation to explore and seek out new information and experiences.

It's worth noting that these drives interact with each other and may change in intensity over time. Also, these drives are not mutually exclusive and can overlap, and some theories may have different categorization.

Psychological drives role in management

Psychological drives can play a significant role in company management, as they can influence the behavior and decision-making of employees. Understanding these drives can help managers create a work environment that is motivating, productive, and satisfying for employees. Here are a few examples of how psychological drives can be important in company management:

• Physiological drives: Employees have basic needs such as hunger and thirst, and providing them with access to food and water can help ensure that they are able to focus on their work.
• Safety and security drives: Employees have a need for protection and stability in their work environment. Managers can provide a safe and secure workplace and communicate effectively to reduce uncertainty and anxiety.
• Love and belonging drives: Employees have a need for social interaction, companionship, and belonging. Managers can foster a sense of community and teamwork among employees, and encourage collaboration and communication.
• Esteem drives: Employees have a need for self-esteem and respect from others. Managers can provide opportunities for recognition and praise, and provide constructive feedback to help employees improve their performance.
• Self-actualization drives: Employees have a need for personal growth and self-expression. Managers can provide opportunities for professional development, and create an environment that encourages creativity and innovation.
• Sexual drive: Even though sexual drive is not a prominent drive in the workplace, it can have an impact in some cases, such as sexual harassment. Managers should be aware of this, and have policies in place to prevent and deal with harassment issues.
• Curiosity drive: Employees have a natural desire to learn and grow, Managers can encourage employees to explore new ideas, take on new challenges, and seek out new experiences that can help them develop new skills and knowledge.

By understanding and addressing psychological drives, managers can create a workplace culture that is motivating, satisfying, and conducive to productivity.

Psychological drives in childhood

During childhood, psychological drives play a significant role in shaping development and behavior. Here are a few examples of how psychological drives manifest in childhood:

• Physiological drives: Children have strong needs for food, sleep, and other basic necessities. They may become irritable or cranky when these needs are not met.
• Safety and security drives: Children have a strong need for protection and stability. They may seek out familiar and safe environments and may have a hard time adjusting to new or unfamiliar situations.
• Love and belonging drives: Children have a strong need for social interaction, companionship, and affection. They may form strong attachments to caregivers and may experience separation anxiety when separated from them.
• Esteem drives: Children have a natural desire for self-esteem and respect from others. They may seek out recognition and praise for their accomplishments and may feel hurt when criticized or ignored.
• Self-actualization drives: Children have a desire for personal growth and self-expression. They may explore new things, ask questions, and seek out new experiences.
• Sexual drive: Sexual drive may not be prominent in childhood. However, children may develop curiosity about their own bodies and the bodies of others.
• Curiosity drive: Children are naturally curious and eager to explore their environment. They may be fascinated by new things and enjoy learning through play and experimentation.

It is worth noting that children's psychological drives and behaviors can be influenced by a variety of factors such as their temperament, environment, and experiences, as well as the way that their parents and caregivers respond to them.

References

• St Clair Gibson, A., Swart, J., & Tucker, R. (2018). The interaction of psychological and physiological homeostatic drives and role of general control principles in the regulation of physiological systems, exercise and the fatigue process–The Integrative Governor theory. European journal of sport science, 18(1), 25-36.
• Akerlof, G. A., & Shiller, R. J. (2010). Animal spirits: How human psychology drives the economy, and why it matters for global capitalism. Princeton university press.
• Wang, C. S., Galinsky, A. D., & Murnighan, J. K. (2009). Bad drives psychological reactions, but good propels behavior: Responses to honesty and deception. Psychological science, 20(5), 634-644.