Decision making process

Decision making process
See also
Risk taking behaviors Model of entrepreneurship Exploitation and exploration Decision support systems Strategic decision making Functions of research Flow of information Lack of information Knowledge and experience

Decision making is the process of selecting and determining the best course of action from among a set of alternatives in order to achieve a desired outcome. It involves identifying and evaluating potential solutions, selecting and implementing the most appropriate one, and assessing the effectiveness of the chosen action. Management decision making requires making decisions in a systematic and timely manner, taking into account the available resources, the potential consequences of the decision, as well as the stakeholders. This requires a thorough understanding of the problem and the environment, as well as an ability to analyze different options and assess their potential outcomes.

When to use decision making process

Decision making is a process that is used in many different areas of life. It is a way to assess and evaluate options and determine the best course of action. This process can be used in both personal and professional settings, and it is essential for successful decision making. The following are some examples of when decision making should be used:

• When making decisions in business. Decision making is a critical component of successful business operations, as decisions must be timely, accurate and well-informed. From choosing new products and services to assessing risks and managing finances, decision making is a necessary part of any business.
• When making decisions in government. Governments make important decisions that affect people’s lives on a daily basis. From setting policy to allocating resources, decision making is a critical component of government.

Types of decision making process

Decision making processes are generally divided into two broad categories: rational decision making and intuitive decision making. Rational decision making is a systematic, analytical approach to selecting the best course of action. This process involves breaking down a problem into its component parts, identifying alternatives, evaluating and comparing them, and selecting the most appropriate one. Intuitive decision making, on the other hand, is based on experience and gut feeling. This involves relying on one’s own personal knowledge and instincts to make decisions without necessarily engaging in any systematic analysis. The following are the different types of decision making processes:

• Analytical Decision Making: This is a systematic approach to problem-solving and decision making that involves breaking down a problem into its component parts, understanding the cause-and-effect relationships between them, and evaluating potential solutions.
• Intuitive Decision Making: This type of decision making is based on personal experience and gut feeling, and involves relying on one’s own knowledge and instincts to make decisions without necessarily engaging in any systematic analysis.
• Group Decision Making: This is a collaborative approach to decision making that involves many stakeholders in the process. It involves considering different perspectives and opinions, and making decisions based on the collective wisdom of the group.
• Deliberative Decision Making: This type of decision making involves making decisions based on careful consideration of the facts and circumstances. It involves analyzing different options, weighing the pros and cons, and making an informed decision.
• Risk-Based Decision Making: This is a process of making decisions based on the potential consequences of a particular decision. It involves assessing the risks associated with various options, and choosing the option with the least amount of risk.

Steps of decision making process

The decision making process consists of a set of steps that should be followed in order to reach a desired outcome. These steps include:

• Identifying the problem: This step involves analyzing the situation and understanding the underlying reasons for the problem at hand. It is important to be able to recognize the root cause of the problem and determine the scope of the decision.
• Gathering information: This is an important step as it provides an understanding of the environment and the options available. It is important to consider information from different sources and angles in order to get a comprehensive view of the situation.
• Assessing options: This step involves evaluating the potential solutions and assessing their pros and cons. It is important to weigh the benefits and costs of each option and decide which one is the most appropriate.
• Making a decision: This step involves selecting the best course of action and implementing it. It is important to make sure that the chosen action is the most suitable one and that it is implemented in a timely manner.
• Evaluating results: This step involves assessing the effectiveness of the chosen action. This helps to determine whether the chosen decision was successful and provides an understanding of what went wrong in case of failure.

Advantages of decision making process

Decision making is a crucial process for businesses, as it helps to ensure that decisions are made in the most efficient, effective, and ethical manner. The advantages of the decision making process include:

• Improved efficiency: By making decisions in a structured and systematic manner, the decision making process can help to reduce costs and increase the effectiveness of resources.
• Improved accuracy: By taking into consideration all available data and resources, decision makers can make more accurate decisions, leading to improved outcomes.
• Increased stakeholder engagement: By involving stakeholders in the process, decision makers can gain a better understanding of the situation and develop better solutions.
• Improved accountability: By having a clear and structured process in place, decision makers can be held accountable for their decisions and their outcomes.
• Improved transparency: By having a clear and open process, decision makers can make decisions that are in the best interests of the organization and its stakeholders.

Other approaches related to decision making process

In addition to the traditional decision making process, there are several other approaches that can be used to make decisions. These include:

• The Delphi Method: This is a technique used to identify the best solutions to a problem by gathering the opinions of experts in the field. This process involves a series of conversations between the experts and a facilitator who helps to identify the most suitable options.
• Brainstorming: This is an approach used to generate ideas by inviting a group of stakeholders to discuss the issue and suggest potential solutions. This approach encourages creativity and collaboration, allowing for the generation of solutions that may not have been considered otherwise.
• Heuristics: This involves using established rules of thumb or mental shortcuts to arrive at a decision quickly. Heuristics are useful for making decisions in situations where time is limited or where the decision must be made with incomplete information.

Suggested literature

• Elbanna, S. (2006). Strategic decision‐making: Process perspectives. international Journal of Management reviews, 8(1), 1-20.
• Wang, Y., & Ruhe, G. (2007). The cognitive process of decision making. International Journal of Cognitive Informatics and Natural Intelligence (IJCINI), 1(2), 73-85.