Global interdependence

Global interdependence concept encompasses many aspects of enhancing life, such as product processes, finances, requests, institutions, labour forces, and so on.

The term interdependence conveys a sense of counting on and being responsible for others. Thus, there was rapid growth and diversification of the production process for various products, including textiles and machinery, as well as the development of communication channels.

Information and communication technology (ICT) and transport have rapidly developed since the 1980s, which has contributed to the growing interdependence between marketing activities and other business operations, including logistics and accounting, over the last few decades. More precisely, the 19th century witnessed several changes primarily influenced by these factors, while the 20th century was also characterised by developments in ICT.

Literature review

As global interdependence is becoming increasingly prevalent, enterprises have been exploring various approaches to engage with the arising profitable 'world system', from liberal interventionist approaches to Marxist assessments of underdevelopment (Corbridge 1986; Forbes 1990).

Transnational relations proponents considered the conception a possible response to literalism’s failure to give a comprehensive view of ‘moment’s multidimensional profitable, social and ecological interdependence’ (Keohane and Nye 1977). Strong disagreement over the conceptualisation and mileage of interdependence continued through the 1970s and into the 1980s(Baldwin 1980, chapter 8).

Rosenau identified four characteristics of global interdependence:

• Complexity.
• The involvement of nongovernmental actors.
• Fragmented decision-making.
• The necessity of multilateral decision-making in dealing with emerging global issues (1980).

By the late 1980s, with the significant events that brought the Soviet Union and the Cold War to an end, the term had given way to many reframing of foreign relations, economics, and politics, most notably those centred on the term globalisation. However, interdependence was recently revived in a popular geopolitical and economic commentary that promoted the assertion of a social democratic European alternative to US-dominated neoliberalism (Hutton 2003).

Arise of global interdependence

At a time when global environmental change and globalisation require drastic revisions to many of our well-established institutional and conceptual frameworks, interdependence serves as a powerful shorthand.

To reclaim and expand on the concept of interdependence, we need more nuanced accounts of our interactions with various others stakeholders, as well as the circumstances that give rise to feelings of commitment or obligation. In this regard, human geographers' recent concern with the ethical and political implications of 'thinking space relationally' (Massey 2004) has much to offer.

In the 1950s and 1960s, we can discern a growing interest in the earth as a single intertwined system with its global-gauged dynamics. During the post-war period, a much more systematic and all-encompassing concept of global interdependence emerges. In the last two decades of the 20th century, thinking of terrain-mortal relations in terms of global interdependence entered the mainstream.

The decision to internationalize companies is related to various determinants, such as the process of global political interference: increasing the independence of national economies based on the wishes of the countries. Countries of the world towards each other compete successfully in the business world, in all geographies. For instance, we witness companies currently operating globally and those mainly from Asian countries against the dissemination of new and important technologies and their development, especially in the field of information and communication.

With dramatic increases in world trade in the post-war times, it became apparent to numerous spectators that the gap between the more advanced North and the less developed South was not being closed. According to Chris Philo, "interconnected geographies create vulnerability for certain peoples and places rather than others" (2005, 442). He continues to bring these connections to light, allowing us to assign responsibility and guilt. Is it enough, however, to identify the links that connect 'our' lives to the lives of distant 'others'? In this regard, we should note another attempt to provide an overarching framework for global interconnectivity: the concept of sustainability. Over the last two decades, the discourse of sustainability has promoted an understanding of ecological relations as a guide to practical strategies for living within the tolerance levels of these systems.

We can also talk about Profitable Interdependence, which refers to the connections between countries in which each country depends on others for necessary goods or services. Profitable interdependence is due to the specialisation of countries, as they depend on others to purchase products that are not manufactured civil. An illustration of similar interdependence is set up in the European Union with countries having a degree of specialisation that is due to factors similar to labour, capital, culture. therefore, EU countries register a reliance on each other for products or services related to energy force, food, apparel, and so on.

Global interdependence as an ongoing process

The interdependence between countries poses a significant mystification. Indeed, though trade and capital inflow liaison between countries are frequently relatively fragile, it's constantly the case that numerous countries have recessions at the same time.

One of the contributions that recent thinking on the ethics and politics of relationships can make to the idea of interdependence is more attention to completely unspecified ways that people pay attention to the needs of others. Recognising that all individuals, places and communities are born of give-and-take relationships with others subjects that show a degree of interdependence in many ways regardless of measurement. Therefore, instead of conceiving interdependence simply as a pre-existing condition, we must also be concerned with the processes or events by which relationships and forms of obligation are concerned. First encounters and feelings of compulsion to respond instead of turning away when we meet someone for the first time.

Global interdependence — recommended articles

Internationalization — Macro marketing — Economic summit — Industry 4.0 — Agribusiness — Green Marketing — New paradigm — Examples of opportunities — Opportunities and threats

References

• Findlay, R. (1996). Modeling global interdependence: centers, peripheries, and frontiers. The American Economic Review, 86(2), 47-51.
• Friedman, E. J., Johnson, S., & Landsberg, A. S. (2003). The emergence of temporal correlations in a study of global economic interdependence. Quantitative Finance, 3(4), 296.
• Li, P. P. (2020).Organizational resilience for a new normal: Balancing the paradox of global interdependence. Management and Organization Review, 16(3), 503-509.
• Merlini, C. (1998). Global interdependence and the case of Europe. The International Spectator, 33(1), 53-65.
• Robette, N., Bry, X., & Lelièvre, E. (2015). A "global interdependence" approach to multidimensional sequence analysis. Sociological Methodology, 45(1), 1-44.
• Smith, J., Clark, N., & Yusoff, K. (2007). Interdependence. Geography Compass, 1(3), 340-359.
• Surugiu, M. R., & Surugiu, C. (2015). International trade, globalization and economic interdependence between European countries: Implications for businesses and marketing framework. Procedia Economics and Finance, 32, 131-138.

Author: Francesca Scattolin