Business model canvas
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Business Model Canvas - one of the most popular business model templates was created by Alexander Osterwalder. It is a visual card showing nine elements that make up the business model of the company. It helps to create or improve the business model of the company. According to A. Osterwalder, the business model consists of 9 basic areas that are part of the organization's earning money process. They relate to four main areas of business activity: customer, offer, infrastructure and finance (A. Osterwalder, Y. Pigneur, s. 14-15).
Elements of Bussines Model Canvas
Alexander Osterwalder distinguished nine folding elements on the business model:
- Customer Segment is the area of the business model containing various groups of people and organizations to which the company wants to direct its actions. To better function, a company can divide customers into segments by matching them based on common characteristics or behaviors. Customers segments contain among other mass markets and niche markets. In the first case, the company focuses on one fairly large group of clients who in theory share common needs and problems. In the second option, however, the company targets a specific group,
- Value Proposition is the element in which the company offers its clients a certain value, i.e. products and services that matter to the client. Any value proposed to clients that does not fit their needs is a waste. There are a lot of elements creating customer value, for example new, price, brand, individualization, improvement of product quality, ease of use (A. Osterwalder, Y. Pigneur, G. Bernarda, A. Smith 2014),
- Channels are the way a company provides its value proposition to the customer. There are communication, distribution and sales channels. They show places where the customer meets the company. These places have a significant impact on the final impression that the customer will get,
- Customer Relationship concerns the characteristics of relationships that a company establishes when presenting value propositions. The task of the company is to determine the type of relationship between it and the clients. It can be a personal relationship, but also a fully automated relationship. When building relationships with clients, a company can aim to acquire or retain clients, and multiply the products or services it sells,
- Revenue Streams is part of the business model showing how the product developed by the company will earn. Providing clients with an adequate value proposition should generate a revenue stream. The company must think about how much it can sell its products and how much money it will charge for the product. What's more, the company must shape its revenue model,
- Key Resources can be divided into physical, intellectual, human and financial resources. A company needs resources to deliver value to customers. Thanks to resources, the company can also reach specific markets, maintain customer relationships and generate revenue. For one company, resources will be people, for other production materials and machines, for the third, a combination of all these resources (M. Trapp 2013, s. 82),
- Key Activities is the element in which the company indicates the most important activities that will translate into creating and offering value propositions to clients. The personality of key activities will vary depending on the business model. Using automotive companies such as Tesla, creating electric cars will be a key activity. The key activity of Amazon will be the constant development and maintenance of its platform, i.e. amazon.com,
- Key Partners are companies, organizations, associates whose products or services are important to offer value to customers. We can distinguish four zones of partnership: strategic alliances, cooperation between competitors, joint actions aimed at acquiring new clients, relations with key suppliers,
- Cost Structure is an element covering all expenses that a company incurs because it uses a given business model. Continuous customer relationship, building and improving products, and generating revenue are activities that create costs. Fixed costs, variable costs, economies of scale and scope - have an impact on the cost structure (A. Osterwalder, Y. Pigneur, s. 16-44).
Busines Model Canvas form
| Key Partners | Key Activities | Value Propositions | Customer Relationships | Customer Segments |
| Key Resources | Channels | |||
| Cost Structure | Revenue Streams | |||
To properly complete the business model canvas there is a need to answer some important questions to each element:
- Customer Segment:
- Who is the client?
- Who is the product built for?
- Value Proposition:
- What customers problems will be solved?
- What is the value for customers?
- What will they pay for?
- Channels:
- What channels will be used to contact the customers?
- How will the customers find out about products?
- Customer Relationship:
- What relationships do customers expect?
- Do customers expect automatic service or personal support?
- Revenue Streams:
- What can customers pay for?
- Which elements of the product will be free and which will be paid?
- Key Resources:
- What resources are needed for the proposed value to interest and reach the recipients?
- Key Activities:
- What actions should be taken to provide value to clients?
- Key Partners:
- Who is the key partner?
- What external companies are necessary to operate?
- Cost Structure:
- What costs does the business model generate? (A. Osterwalder, Y. Pigneur, s. 16-41)
References
- Martin T. (2013 ) Realizing Business Model Innovation – a Strategic Approach for Business Unit Managers, Springer Gabler,
- Osterwalder A., Pigneur Y. (2010) Business Model Generation: A Handbook For Visionaries, Game Changers, and Challengers, John Wiley & Sons, Inc,
- Osterwalder A., Pigneur Y., Bernarda G., Smith A. (2014) Value Proposition Design: How to Create Products and Services Customers Want.
Author: Bartłomiej Pająk
