Trade waste
| Trade waste |
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| See also |
Trade wastes are items that the owner /company wants to get rid of, they are not needed. It is also such waste that are made in business, with various types of production and services. They cannot be thrown away in a standard way - to the trash, they are subject to various procedures leading to their disposal. The car workshop gets rid of, for example, used oil, scrap metal or old tires. Restaurants throw inedible parts of vegetables or leftover food. The clothing manufacturer gets rid of cuttings of materials. Companies constantly strives to minimize waste production(Williams P. T., 2013, p 63-80).
European Waste Catalogue
European Waste Catalogue says us about 20 different groups of waste, the last group includes, among others, segregated waste such as paper, glass and plastic
- Group 01 - Wastes resulting from exploration, mining, dressing and further treatment of minerals and quarry.
- Group 02 – Wastes from agricultural, horticultural, hunting, fishing and aquacultural primary production, food preparation and processing
- Group 03 - Wastes from wood processing and the production of paper, cardboard, pulp, panels, and furniture
- Group 04 - Wastes from the leather, fur and textile industries
- Group 05 - Wastes from petroleum refining, natural gas purification and pyrolytic treatment of coal
- Group 06 - Wastes from inorganic chemical processes
- Group 07 - Wastes from organic chemical processes
- Group 08 – Wastes from the manufacture, formulation, supply and use of coatings, adhesives, sealants and printing inks
- Group 09 – Wastes from the photographic industry
- Group 10 – Inorganic wastes from thermal processes
- Group 11 – inorganic metal-containing wastes from metal treatment and coating of metals and non-ferrous hydrometallurgy
- Group 12 – Wastes from shaping and surface treatment of metals and plastics
- Group 13 – Oil wastes (except edible oils)
- Group 14 - Wastes from organic substances used as solvents
- Group 15 – Waste packaging: absorbents, wiping cloths, filter materials and protective clothing not otherwise specified
- Group 16 – Wastes not otherwise specified in the list
- Group 17 – Construction and demolition wastes
- Group 18- Wastes from human or animal health care and related research (except kitchen and restaurant wastes.
- Group 19 – Waste from waste treatment facilities, off-site wastewater treatment plants and the water industry
- Group 20 – Municipal wastes and similar commercial, industrial and institutional wastes including separately collected fractions(Williams P. T., 2013, p 5-10).
Legal obligations of the waste producer Each company that produces waste in specified quantities is required to comply with applicable regulations
- Company that produces more than 1 ton of hazardous waste or 5,000 tonnes of ordinary waste must have a permit to produce waste with a certain amount of the type of waste generated during the year
- Company that produces more than 100 kg of hazardous waste must have an approved waste management program
- Company that produces less than 100 kg of hazardous waste must inform relevant government units about waste generation and how they are managed(Asante-Duah D.K., Nagy I.V., 1998, p. 20-25) .
Industrial and commercial waste recycling
Direct recycling
The garbage is recycled at the place where it was made, for example plastic waste is re-melted and used for production, just like broken or deformed glass in a glass factory. Plant waste on the farm is used as a fertilizer for cultivation or feed for farm animals. Construction waste, rubble is often used as a road foundation, or properly recycled is reused - (cleaned brick)
Indirect recycling
Schools and offices produce high amount of paper waste, old books, catalogues, paper cuttings. Restaurants have a lot of glass, plastic packaging and metal cans – everything as a food containers. Companies arrange disposal of that wastes – specialised waste companies collect them and recycle(Bilitewski B, Hardle G., 2013, p. 57-67).
References
- Asante-Duah D.K., Nagy I.V. (1998) International Trade in Hazardous Wastes, E&Fn Spon, p. 20-25
- Arebey, M., Hannan, M. A., Basri, H., & Abdullah, H. (2009), Solid waste monitoring and management using RFID, GIS and GSM, p. 37-40
- Bilitewski B, Hardle G, (2013), Waste Management, Springer, p.57-67
- Healthcare Waste Management (2016), Healthcare Waste Management Toolkit for Global Fund Practitioners and Policy Makers
- Morrissey, A. J., & Browne, J. (2004), Waste management models and their application to sustainable waste management Waste management, 24(3), 297-308.
- Williams P. T., (2013), Waste Treatment and Disposal, Wiley, p. 63-80
Author: Angelika Zając
