Inventory costs: Difference between revisions
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'''Inventory costs''' refer to the expenses incurred by a business in relation to [[holding]] and maintaining inventory. Stocks are an integral part of business processes - are present in each of the phases of the business, and by streams of inflow and outflow are subject to renewal. [[Knowledge]] of relevant costs that accompany items allows you to optimize inventory control processes and improvement of them. The value of the stocks include: | |||
Stocks are an integral part of business processes | |||
* [[cost]] of creating the inventory | * [[cost]] of creating the inventory | ||
* [[cost]] of maintaining the inventory | * [[cost]] of maintaining the inventory | ||
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From the point of view of the volatility of inventory costs are different in nature. There are costs of purchase, formed in direct proportion to the size of the purchase, especially expressed in physical units. The costs of [[information]] processes and the costs of the purchasing department activities are relatively constant. | From the point of view of the volatility of inventory costs are different in nature. There are costs of purchase, formed in direct proportion to the size of the purchase, especially expressed in physical units. The costs of [[information]] processes and the costs of the purchasing department activities are relatively constant. | ||
There are several [[types of inventory]] costs, including: | |||
* | * Holding or carrying costs: These include costs such as storage, [[insurance]], and security for the inventory. | ||
* | * Ordering costs: These include expenses such as the cost of placing and processing orders for new inventory. | ||
* Shortage costs: These are costs that a business incurs as a result of not having enough [[inventory on hand]] to meet [[customer]] [[demand]]. | |||
* Obsolescence costs: These are costs associated with inventory that becomes unsellable due to changes in [[consumer]] demand or [[technology]]. | |||
* [[Stockout costs]]: These costs occur when a [[company]] runs out of stock and loses sales as a result. | |||
* [[Financing]] costs: These costs occur when a business finances its inventory, such as paying [[interest]] on a loan used to purchase inventory. | |||
Understanding and managing inventory costs is important for a business to be able to operate efficiently and stay profitable. | |||
'''See also:''' | '''See also:''' | ||
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* [[Two-tier inventory control]] | * [[Two-tier inventory control]] | ||
* [[Inventory management techniques]] | * [[Inventory management techniques]] | ||
{{infobox5|list1={{i5link|a=[[Merchandise inventory]]}} — {{i5link|a=[[Added value (logistics)]]}} — {{i5link|a=[[Distribution expense]]}} — {{i5link|a=[[Operational management]]}} — {{i5link|a=[[Finished goods inventory]]}} — {{i5link|a=[[Material stream]]}} — {{i5link|a=[[Inventory management techniques]]}} — {{i5link|a=[[Distribution cost]]}} — {{i5link|a=[[Logistic center]]}} }} | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
* Ryzin, G. V., & Mahajan, S. (1999). ''[https://www0.gsb.columbia.edu/mygsb/faculty/research/pubfiles/3922/inventory_costs.pdf On the relationship between inventory costs and variety benefits in retail assortments]''. [[Management]] Science, 45(11), 1496-1509. | * Ryzin, G. V., & Mahajan, S. (1999). ''[https://www0.gsb.columbia.edu/mygsb/faculty/research/pubfiles/3922/inventory_costs.pdf On the relationship between inventory costs and variety benefits in retail assortments]''. [[Management]] Science, 45(11), 1496-1509. | ||
* Tersine, R. J. (1994). ''Principles of inventory and materials management''. | * Tersine, R. J. (1994). ''Principles of inventory and materials management''. | ||
[[Category:Logistics]] | [[Category:Logistics]] | ||
[[pl:Koszty utrzymania zapasów]] | [[pl:Koszty utrzymania zapasów]] | ||
Latest revision as of 00:17, 18 November 2023
Inventory costs refer to the expenses incurred by a business in relation to holding and maintaining inventory. Stocks are an integral part of business processes - are present in each of the phases of the business, and by streams of inflow and outflow are subject to renewal. Knowledge of relevant costs that accompany items allows you to optimize inventory control processes and improvement of them. The value of the stocks include:
Costs of creating the inventory include the cost of buying physical inventory and the cost of information processes and related specifically to the purchase of materials. Include procurement costs, non finished production, storage of finished goods in warehouses, sales and goods in trade magazines.
From the point of view of the volatility of inventory costs are different in nature. There are costs of purchase, formed in direct proportion to the size of the purchase, especially expressed in physical units. The costs of information processes and the costs of the purchasing department activities are relatively constant.
There are several types of inventory costs, including:
- Holding or carrying costs: These include costs such as storage, insurance, and security for the inventory.
- Ordering costs: These include expenses such as the cost of placing and processing orders for new inventory.
- Shortage costs: These are costs that a business incurs as a result of not having enough inventory on hand to meet customer demand.
- Obsolescence costs: These are costs associated with inventory that becomes unsellable due to changes in consumer demand or technology.
- Stockout costs: These costs occur when a company runs out of stock and loses sales as a result.
- Financing costs: These costs occur when a business finances its inventory, such as paying interest on a loan used to purchase inventory.
Understanding and managing inventory costs is important for a business to be able to operate efficiently and stay profitable.
See also:
| Inventory costs — recommended articles |
| Merchandise inventory — Added value (logistics) — Distribution expense — Operational management — Finished goods inventory — Material stream — Inventory management techniques — Distribution cost — Logistic center |
References
- Ryzin, G. V., & Mahajan, S. (1999). On the relationship between inventory costs and variety benefits in retail assortments. Management Science, 45(11), 1496-1509.
- Tersine, R. J. (1994). Principles of inventory and materials management.
