Operating system: Difference between revisions

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{{infobox4
|list1=
<ul>
<li>[[Forms of production]]</li>
<li>[[Types of projects]]</li>
<li>[[Production line]]</li>
<li>[[Knowledge tree]]</li>
<li>[[Database]]</li>
<li>[[Teleworking]]</li>
<li>[[Waste level monitoring]]</li>
<li>[[CAM]]</li>
<li>[[Henry Laurence Gantt]]</li>
</ul>
}}
An '''operating system''' (abbreviated to OS) comprising of a subset of basic programs which act as an interface between hardware and user and provide them with a set of tools enabling program design, application programming, execution of applications while managing the system's resources for efficient operation. Operating systems offer an [[environment]] in which a user can execute other applications (e.g. [[Management information system]]) in a comfortable and efficient manner.
An '''operating system''' (abbreviated to OS) comprising of a subset of basic programs which act as an interface between hardware and user and provide them with a set of tools enabling program design, application programming, execution of applications while managing the system's resources for efficient operation. Operating systems offer an [[environment]] in which a user can execute other applications (e.g. [[Management information system]]) in a comfortable and efficient manner.


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==Typology of operating systems according to applications==
==Typology of operating systems according to applications==
* Mainframe operating systems: These are designed to run on large, centralized computer systems and handle high-volume, transaction-oriented processing. Examples include IBM's z/OS and Unisys' MCP.
* Server operating systems: These are designed to run on servers and handle multiple users and tasks simultaneously. Examples include Microsoft Windows Server, Linux, and Unix.
* Desktop operating systems: These are designed for use on personal computers and laptops. Examples include Microsoft Windows, macOS, and Linux.
* Mobile operating systems: These are designed for use on mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets. Examples include Android, iOS, and Windows Phone.
* Embedded operating systems: These are designed for use in embedded devices such as industrial control systems, medical equipment, and [[consumer]] electronics. Examples include VxWorks, QNX, and ThreadX.
* Real-time operating systems: These are designed to provide deterministic, real-[[time performance]] for applications that require immediate and accurate processing of data. Examples include VxWorks and QNX.
* Cloud operating systems: These are designed to run on cloud-based infrastructure and provide scalable, on-[[demand]] computing resources. Examples include OpenStack, Cloud Foundry, and Windows Azure.
Other [[classification]]:
* Non-multitasking - new tasks cannot be executed until previous one has finished
* Non-multitasking - new tasks cannot be executed until previous one has finished
* Multitasking - many tasks (processes) can run concurrently, sharing the time of central processing unit (CPU) according to a given schedule
* Multitasking - many tasks (processes) can run concurrently, sharing the time of central processing unit (CPU) according to a given schedule
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* Network and distributed systems - enable [[management]] of a number of distributed processing systems, which together form a computer network but each have their own private resources
* Network and distributed systems - enable [[management]] of a number of distributed processing systems, which together form a computer network but each have their own private resources
* Embedded systems - for small scale systems such as PDA or mobile phones, in which resources are very limited.
* Embedded systems - for small scale systems such as PDA or mobile phones, in which resources are very limited.
{{infobox5|list1={{i5link|a=[[Service delivery architecture]]}} &mdash; {{i5link|a=[[CAD]]}} &mdash; {{i5link|a=[[Database]]}} &mdash; {{i5link|a=[[Virtual structure]]}} &mdash; {{i5link|a=[[Computer integrated manufacturing]]}} &mdash; {{i5link|a=[[Attendance management]]}} &mdash; {{i5link|a=[[Knowledge tree]]}} &mdash; {{i5link|a=[[Radio frequency identification (RFID)]]}} &mdash; {{i5link|a=[[Corporate network]]}} }}


==References==
==References==

Latest revision as of 23:31, 17 November 2023

An operating system (abbreviated to OS) comprising of a subset of basic programs which act as an interface between hardware and user and provide them with a set of tools enabling program design, application programming, execution of applications while managing the system's resources for efficient operation. Operating systems offer an environment in which a user can execute other applications (e.g. Management information system) in a comfortable and efficient manner.

Topology of operating systems according to type

Operating system can be divided according to type into:

  • on-line processing systems - interactive systems
    • users and the system can interact directly
    • user activities are immediately executed after being fed in
  • off-line processing systems - batch processing
    • there is a noticeable delay after a task has been fed in and executed
    • a user cannot interfere with a task already in execution

Typology of operating systems according to applications

  • Mainframe operating systems: These are designed to run on large, centralized computer systems and handle high-volume, transaction-oriented processing. Examples include IBM's z/OS and Unisys' MCP.
  • Server operating systems: These are designed to run on servers and handle multiple users and tasks simultaneously. Examples include Microsoft Windows Server, Linux, and Unix.
  • Desktop operating systems: These are designed for use on personal computers and laptops. Examples include Microsoft Windows, macOS, and Linux.
  • Mobile operating systems: These are designed for use on mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets. Examples include Android, iOS, and Windows Phone.
  • Embedded operating systems: These are designed for use in embedded devices such as industrial control systems, medical equipment, and consumer electronics. Examples include VxWorks, QNX, and ThreadX.
  • Real-time operating systems: These are designed to provide deterministic, real-time performance for applications that require immediate and accurate processing of data. Examples include VxWorks and QNX.
  • Cloud operating systems: These are designed to run on cloud-based infrastructure and provide scalable, on-demand computing resources. Examples include OpenStack, Cloud Foundry, and Windows Azure.

Other classification:

  • Non-multitasking - new tasks cannot be executed until previous one has finished
  • Multitasking - many tasks (processes) can run concurrently, sharing the time of central processing unit (CPU) according to a given schedule

Other types of operating systems

  • Real-time systems - process data to meet a certain deadline
  • Network and distributed systems - enable management of a number of distributed processing systems, which together form a computer network but each have their own private resources
  • Embedded systems - for small scale systems such as PDA or mobile phones, in which resources are very limited.


Operating system — recommended articles
Service delivery architecture — CAD — Database — Virtual structure — Computer integrated manufacturing — Attendance management — Knowledge tree — Radio frequency identification (RFID) — Corporate network

References

Author: Anna Opalińska

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