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...to keep 20% of all investment gains. In the theory hedge funds should have a positive return when the [[market]] is up, down or even sideways. ...While mutual funds are designed to have stable investment [[strategy]] in a given class, hedge funds are much more flexible. Manager of hedge funds hav

'''Synergy in business''' means a specific type of relation between factors, which results that final effect ...nt accounting. Synergies can be divided into those that can be achieved in a short time (e.g., by use of the basic management techniques, access to cash

...sorship marketing''' is one of the fastest growing [[forms of promotion]]; a tool promoting products, companies or brands within the sponsored unit. It is a contract where a sponsor provides the sponsored unit with resources needed to achieve its go

...litteraire et politique". After fulfilling various public functions he was a lecturer in [[economics]], in particular in Conservatoire des Arts et Metie ...ur. However, what distinguished him from the classical English school, was a more optimistic vision of capital economy.

...to the Royal Commission on Indian Currency and Finance. In 1908 he became a lecturer at Cambridge University. Throughout all his life Keynes was seriou ...University of Cambridge, where Keynes worked as a lecturer, was a place of a serious theoretical reflexion.

'''Milton Friedman''' was born in Brooklyn on 31 July 1912. Being a leader of the Chicago School of [[Economics]], in the years 1965-1990 he ga ...rcent rule," which recommends that the money supply should be increased at a steady rate, regardless of the state of the economy.

...His [[work]] entitled "Principles of [[Economics]]" published in 1890, had a big influence on his generation. Even now the introduction to [[economics]] ...period. The [[market]] period is the amount of time for which the stock of a commodity is fixed. The short period is the time in which the supply can be

...estricted to the role of "state-policeman", it should fulfill some role at a point when the [[competition]] mechanisms seem to be insufficient to achiev John Stuart Mill was a highly influential thinker and writer during the 19th century. He made sign

...itions]] (abbr. M&A) are the financial transactions which aim is to create a [[company]] with the assets value increasing the total value of assets of t ...ished itself as the new owner, the purchase is called an acquisition. From a legal point of view, the target company ceases to exist, the buyer "swallow

In a private company, because the shareholders and the board are usually the sam # *In 2011, pharmaceutical giant Pfizer acquired rival drugmaker Wyeth in a friendly takeover valued at $68 billion. The deal was approved by Wyeth’s

...the assets by using the stock-exchange. However, according to the law when a certain threshold of owning the company assets is exceeded then acquiring c Threats of a hostile takeover include the following:

...[[firm]]'s common stock directly from a firm at a specified [[price]] for a given period of time. Warrant is characterized by the number of shares of s ...iduals while warrants are issued by firms and when a warrant is exercised, a firm must issue new shares of stock, what causes the increase in number of

...ty for error (human mistake) either by making it more difficult to produce a defected product during [[production]] process or by making mistake so obvi .... the element won't leave the workplace if photocell didn't noticed taking a screw from bin.

'''Technical analysis''' is a popular technique used by investors in order to predict future prices of fi ...s]]}} — {{i5link|a=[[Chande Momentum Oscillator]]}} — {{i5link|a=[[Forecasting]]}} }}

...earnings of the firm, growth plans of the firm, [[economic situation]] of a country or particular [[industry]], etc.) in order to maintain perspective ...ined by dividing net [[profit]] by total sales, the result is presented as a percentage. In order to calculate net margin, analyst should use net [[prof

...hat person. The outcome of that personal skill investigation is a profile, a team role, that shows which of the 9 [[team roles]] is currently the strong Each Team Role brings an important contribution to a team, and each is associated with particular strengths and typical weakness

* cost [[budget of a project|budgeting]], ...ed on approximate [[market]] value). It is necessary to create [[budget of a project]].

...divided into two segments: more and less than 10 percent growth per year. A [[market growth]] above 10 percent is considered high Therefore, this varia ...y the share of its biggest [[competitor]]. Relative market share serves as a measure of the [[company]]'s strength in the relevant market segment.

...hat is offered in a market to satisfy a specific [[need]] of [[customer]]. A product may be physical but also may have immaterial form (e-book, mp3 tune ...sidered separately from the element of product. The key objective of using a price is obviously to generate and maximize [[company]] revenues.

* ''Introduction'': A period of slow sales growth as the product is introduced in the market. Pro * ''Growth'': A period of rapid market acceptance and substantial [[profit]] improvement.

...oject''' is an one-time effort limited by time (it has a starting date and a fixed end date), characterized by specific goals and conditions, with defin Project [[Management]] Institute (PMI) defines a Project as:

...h the staff reduction means lowering costs of an [[enterprise]] as well as a scale of its [[action]]. This type of reorganization has recently taken pla ...literature downsizing means reducing the number of people who [[work]] in a [[company]]. In practice downsizing may refer to such areas as: [[organizat

...f the amount of [[business activity]] in a given period but are subject to a change in longer time frame (e.g. due to macroeconomic changes, [[investmen Fixed costs are an inherent part of expenses for a number of businesses, especially in the field of services, including restau

...o attract foreign [[investment]] and promote economic growth. The goals of a SEZ can vary depending on the specific policies and regulations established * Attracting foreign investment: One of the main goals of a SEZ is to attract foreign companies to invest in the zone, through the prov

...ed merchant banks in the United Kingdom, until its collapse in 1995 due to a loss of over £800 million. ...on the emerging markets. Its brokerage, Barings Securities Limited, played a crucial role in Asia and Latin America.

...d with [[investment]] in its issued securities. A credit rating aggregates a number of scores from risk [[evaluation]] of given economic, social and [[P ...bjectivity. The fact that the data is analysed on an ongoing basis is also a considerable advantage of credit reports.

...result is an increase in costs and often a bankruptcy of the employer and a subsequent increase in [[unemployment]]. ...re not limited to: moon-shining, manufacture and sale of narcotics etc. As a rule illegal market activities are highly profitable.

'''Business angel''' is a private investor, usually former [[entrepreneur]], who is investing his own ...ally. The informal nature of the relationship between a business angel and a financed company can result in varying [[investment]] periods and condition

...curitization of assets''' is a [[process]] through which an issuer creates a [[financial instrument]] by transforming an illiquid asset such as receivab Securitization is a common form of [[financing]] an operational business especially among banks

...can execute other applications (e.g. [[Management information system]]) in a comfortable and efficient manner. ** there is a noticeable delay after a task has been fed in and executed

...l Reserve Banks expand and contract the monetary supply, provide credit as a lender of last resort, clear checks during times of insolvency. While natio The [[Board]] of Governors, consisting of 7 member called for a 14-year term, is the governing body of the FED count rate in addition to in

'''Deming wheel''' is also known as '''PDCA cycle'''. It is a basic tool that helps to [[continuous improvement|continuously improve]] th ...ult in effective [[action]], and must move on again to careful planning in a continuous cycle.

...he waste created by actions that don't add value to the customer. There is a list of 7 wastes in production and another list for services. ...hole enterprise can require sub-optimization of its parts. It shouldn't be a surprise.

...h new, yet unknown. Sometimes investment is necessary, but it shouldn't be a first solution to choose. The Kaizen means: ...for uncovering improvement opportunities and making small changes. This is a low [[cost]] approach, that uses simple [[quality control]] tools: Pareto,

...in connection with [[Kaizen]], [[Lean manufacturing]]. However, 5S can be a stand-alone program. The 5S stand for the five first letters of the Japanes ...Seiso, Seiketsu. Later, a fifth rule was added - Shitsuke (discipline) (T. A. Fabrizio, D. Tapping 2006, p. 2). As the popularity of 5S [[System]] has g

...called ''"Pareto Optimum"'', which explains allocation of the resources of a society.'' ...title of engineer, he was employed by a large ironworks and also worked as a director of an Italian railway. In later years Vilfredo studied Walras's wo

...th years the "social ecology" was started, including natural population as a whole in studies. ...pollution, deforestation, and climate change. Additionally, ecology plays a crucial role in conservation efforts by providing the knowledge needed to p

...as legally introduced as a state policy. Apartheid collapsed in 1994 after a long time of struggles of the opposition with Nelson Mandela at the vanguar ...[workplace]], disable whites received annually more than disable blacks in a lump sum payment. Apart of the huge earning gap, which for example in 1969

...The money reform usually lowers denomination of existing currency which is a result of high [[inflation]] which result in emission notes about high deno ...e stabilization of currency, liquidation of excessive quantity of money as a result of high inflation,

...claiming false deductions, or using other illegal methods. Tax evasion is a criminal offense and can result in fines, penalties, and even imprisonment. ...s an illegal practice opposing a tax law. Its is defined as a crime and as a result it is punishable in accordance with the law of the given country. Ta

'''Strategic HRM''' is a part of Human [[resource]] [[management]] (HRM), concept which discusses th '''SHRM''' takes a long-term perspective and it is concerned with issues such as [[corporate c

* monitoring of the system with the aid of internal audits and a management review. * a description of the scope of the standard,

...by the head of the office. In the event whereby errors have been found in a decision it is the office that is held responsible, not the civil servant w ...ry obligation]]}} — {{i5link|a=[[Adverse Action]]}} — {{i5link|a=[[Accreditation]]}} }}

* preparation of a statement of applicability, * development of a risk treatment [[plan]],

'''Primary [[market]]''' is a subset of '''financial market''', where surplus funds are invested in new c .... The players in this market can be both corporations and individuals with a surplus of funds, who are interested in the purchase of issued securities.

...gher [[quality]] can mean lower costs. When he returned to USA, he founded a [[consulting]] [[company]]. ...as a highly influential statistician and business consultant who developed a [[system]] of Total Quality Management. He developed the "Deming Cycle," wh

...an independent consultant and lecturer. In 1954 he was invited to deliver a series of lectures for Japanese engineers. They proved to be very successfu Joseph M. Juran was a prominent business [[management]] theorist, who is best known for his contr

'''Tax haven''' or fiscal paradise are terms used to refer to a jurisdiction which enables its foreign residents or companies to reduce the ...iversal tax haven is a country's offer to entrepreneurs and investors with a wide range of financial and tax benefits. Such havens include colonial terr

'''Venture capital (VC)''' is a modern type of raising funds for the inwestments and projects. Venture capi ...ertise, connections, and mentorship to the table, which can be helpful for a [[startup]] trying to navigate the early stages of business.

...d shock]]}} — {{i5link|a=[[Over-valued currency]]}} — {{i5link|a=[[David Ricardo]]}} }} * Schumpeter, J. A. (1934). ''[https://cambridgeforecast.wordpress.com/2007/12/page/7/ The the