International transport

Transport is a process that results in the displacement of people, things and energy, in order to satisfy various needs and desires of individuals. The effect of transport is the transport service provided in space. Transport can take place both within one country and between different countries.

In accordance with the VAT Act (art. 83. par.3, point 1) by international transport should be understood as the movement of goods between countries excluding EU Member States. This means that transport between Poland and Spain will not be international transport and intra-Community transport. This definition applies to the transport of goods. According to the Act, international transport concerns the movement of goods:

• from the place of departure (posting) on the territory of the country to the place of arrival (destination) outside the territory of the European Union,
• from the place of departure (dispatch) outside the territory of the European Union to the place of arrival (destination) on the territory of the country,
• from the place of departure (sending) outside the territory of the European Union to the place of arrival (destination) outside the territory of the European Union, if the route runs on a certain section through the territory of the country (transit),
• from the place of departure (departure) to the territory of a Member State other than the territory of the country to the place of arrival outside the European Union or from the place of departure outside the territory of the European Union to the place of arrival (destination) in the territory of a Member State other than the territory of the country, if the route passes a certain section through the territory of the country;

In the case of passenger transport in paragraph 3 point 2 it is mentioned that international transport of people is the movement of people:

• from the place of departure on the territory of the country to the place of arrival outside the territory of the country,
• from the place of departure outside the territory of the country to the place of arrival on the territory of the country,
• from the place of departure outside the territory of the country to the place of arrival outside the territory of the country, if the route runs on a certain section through the territory of the country (transit);

Transport functions

Transport, regardless of whether international or domestic, has a number of functions in relation to individuals and individual state authorities. These are economic, political, social and production functions. Transport supports the sphere of life which is production and exchange. He is responsible for the movement of raw materials and semi-shells to production sites and the displacement of the finished product from the place of production to the place of receipt. In the case of political and social functions, transport is responsible for maintaining good interpersonal relations. Thanks to it, you can better understand other cultures and societies (their problems and habits). Currently, transport also allows for cultural exchange and the exchange of goods and services between individuals and countries. Residents have the chance not only to get to know other, distant or foreign cultures but also have the opportunity to use their achievements. In everyday life, we are able to move from the place of work to the place of residence by means of transport. Well-developed transport, both land, air and sea, is very often an indicator of wealth and the degree of development of the country. As a result, this translates into a change in the country's position in the international arena and may affect economic, social or national prestige.

It is worth mentioning that in the economic dimension, transport also ensures the possibility of widespread dissemination of sales and purchase of goods, integrates the economy of the country with the international economy and enables industrial cooperation on a global scale.

The objectives of international transport

There are many main reasons why individual countries decide to strengthen their ties in the case of transport policy. The main impulses of such actions include:

• modernization of transport,
• transport development,
• creating systems that will affect economic prosperity.

These are long-term goals. However, to achieve them, it is necessary to develop and implement smaller goals whose task will be to achieve the overarching goals. Activities that are to help in the implementation of the above-mentioned main goals include:

• supporting the development of competition;
• counteracting the monopoly in the transport sector;
• caring for transport safety through the use of modern methods;
• development of transport nodes.

Shipping

In international transport, shipping is also an important element. It is a service through which the transfer of cargo from the sender to the recipient is organized, using appropriate means and means of transport. A forwarder is responsible for such actions. The forwarder is tasked to work for his clients who entrust him with loads and goods. His task is to choose the best service that meets the needs of his clients. It is possible thanks to our own network of contacts and knowledge of the transport market. The Freight Forwarder provides services on behalf of the ordering person. These are services provided for a fee.

Examples of International transport

• Air Transport: Air transport is the most common form of international transport and involves the movement of people and goods from one country to another using aircraft. Air transport is often used to transport people and goods quickly, as it provides a more efficient and cost-effective method of transportation. Examples of air transport include airlines operating international flights, such as British Airways and Qatar Airways, and cargo companies, such as FedEx and UPS.
• Rail Transport: Rail transport is the movement of people and goods by rail. It is often used to transport large amounts of goods or people over long distances. Examples of rail transport include international freight companies such as DB Schenker and DHL, and passenger train companies such as Eurostar and Amtrak.
• Sea Transport: Sea transport is the movement of people and goods by sea. It is often used to transport large amounts of goods or people over long distances. Examples of sea transport include international shipping companies such as Maersk and CMA CGM, and passenger cruise companies such as Carnival Cruises and Royal Caribbean.
• Road Transport: Road transport is the movement of people and goods by road. It is often used to transport goods and people over shorter distances and is commonly used for local deliveries and commuting. Examples of road transport include trucking companies such as DHL and UPS, and passenger transport companies such as Uber and Lyft.

Advantages of International transport

International transport has a number of advantages that make it a valuable and necessary tool for businesses, communities, and nations. These advantages include:

• Increased trade and economic growth: By allowing goods and services to be moved quickly and efficiently between countries, international transport enables increased trade and economic growth. This can lead to greater wealth and improved standards of living for citizens of all countries involved.
• Improved communication: International transport also facilitates improved communication between countries. This enables people to share ideas and knowledge, and can also help to promote cultural understanding and tolerance.
• Improved access to resources: International transport also allows countries to access resources that may not be available within their own borders. This can include everything from raw materials to specialized skills and services.
• Enhanced security: International transport can also provide enhanced security, as it allows countries to monitor the movement of goods and people across their borders. This can help to prevent illegal activities and protect national security.

Limitations of International transport

• One limitation of international transport is the cost of transport. The cost of transporting goods, services and people across international borders can be prohibitively expensive, making it difficult for companies or individuals to utilize this form of transport.
• Another limitation of international transport is the availability of infrastructure. Cross-country infrastructure such as roads, bridges, and rail networks must be in place to enable international transport. This infrastructure may not be available in some parts of the world, which can impede international transport.
• A third limitation of international transport is the time it takes to transport goods and people across borders. Many international boundaries require goods and people to pass through customs inspections, which can add significantly to the time it takes to move goods and people across borders.
• A fourth limitation of international transport is the security considerations. Moving goods and people across international borders can present a security risk, as they may be exposed to theft, terrorism or other forms of criminal activity.
• Finally, international transport is also limited by the regulations and restrictions that apply to it. Different countries may have different regulations and restrictions on the types of goods and people that can be transported across international borders, which can make international transport difficult or even impossible in some cases.

Other approaches related to International transport

Transport is an important part of global interconnectivity, and the way people, goods, and services move around the world. Here are some other approaches related to international transport:

• Logistics - Logistics is the management of the movement of goods and services across international borders. It includes the planning, coordination and control of transportation, warehousing, and inventory management.
• Trade Agreements - Trade agreements between countries outline the terms and conditions of international transport. They can involve the setting of tariffs or quotas, customs clearance, and other measures to facilitate the movement of goods and services.
• Infrastructure - Infrastructure is essential for efficient international transport. It involves the building of roads, railways, ports, airports, and other facilities that facilitate the movement of goods and services.
• International Organizations - International organizations, such as the United Nations and the International Maritime Organization, provide oversight and regulations for the movement of goods and services across international boundaries.

In summary, international transport is an incredibly complex process that requires coordination between countries and organizations, as well as the development of infrastructure and trade agreements. The result is a global interconnectedness that allows goods and services to move quickly and efficiently around the world.

International transport — recommended articles

Transport infrastructure — Multimodal transport — Basel convention — Economic infrastructure — Role of transportation — Transit shipment — Consumer protection — CMR convention — Domestic market

References

• Coyle, B., & Bardi, E. J. (2003). Langley. The Management of Business Logistics.
• England, R. W. (1998). Measurement of social well-being: alternatives to gross domestic product. Ecological Economics, 25(1), 89-103.
• Frémont, A., & Franc, P. (2010). Hinterland transportation in Europe: Combined transport versus road transport. Journal of Transport Geography, 18(4), 548-556.
• Gross, M., & Feldman, R. (1998). National Transportation Statistics (1997). DIANE Publishing.
• Litman, T., & Burwell, D. (2006). Issues in sustainable transportation. International Journal of Global Environmental Issues, 6(4), 331-347.
• Santos, G., Behrendt, H., & Teytelboym, A. (2010). Part II: Policy instruments for sustainable road transport. Research in Transportation Economics, 28(1), 46-91.
• Tseng, Y. Y., Yue, W. L., & Taylor, M. A. (2005). The role of transportation in logistics chain. Eastern Asia Society for Transportation Studies.