Types of control system
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The main task of control system is to improve procedures, processes and to indicate whether the company is functioning properly. Through analysis and various types of control, the company can evaluate the company's past performance and indicate the closest goals to be achieved.
Main types of control system
Several types of control system in management can be distinguished:
- Preliminary controls - performed before taking action, involving necessary human, material and financial resources. Checking if they are at designated place and time, in planned quantity and quality.
- Control in action - detect deviations from established standards, allows to make corrections before the end of a particular sequence of actions. Important feature of control is short time from onset of deviations to obtaining information by the manager
- Decision control - involves the acceptance or rejection of certain courses of action. It involves verifying that certain conditions are met before continuing with action. Frequently it is additional control function performed by another manager, usually at a higher level of management
- Final Inspection - involves measuring results of the completed action. Managers determine causes of deviations from the plan or standards, and the results are used as goals for similar activities in the future. It is an instrument used for rewarding employees.
- Strategic control - the purpose of this audit is to show whether the company has a chance of achieving the assumed plan. The main task is to obtain the information needed to analyse potential risks.
- Internal control / external control
- Independent audit - independent assessment of a given company, project or plan. The examined object, on the basis of which the assessment is made, are business processes, correctness of procedures with regulations, financial statements, the reliability of data provided by the company is also evaluated. The audit is carried out by internal and external experts.
- Strategic evaluation and control
- Management control system - in order to achieve specific goals, a good organisation is needed. From well-organised workers, their work to the use of resources and their proper use. Control is designed to monitor the progress of these processes and alert when improvements are needed. By making an inspection, the company can avoid similar errors in the future, predict future events or determine the causes of the errors committed.
Other types of control system
Industrial control (INS) - this system is used to identify different types of control systems. It includes all kinds of devices which are to among other things, automate industrial processes. Industrial control describes the interaction of software and hardware with the network connectivity. These controls can be subdivided into:
- SCADA (supervise control and data acquisition),
- Also known as the Human-Machine Interface (HMI) is a self-contained system designed to control the process, supervise the course of technological and production and to acquire up-to-date data. It allows you to track and control the operation of your machines. It is used not only in enterprises but also in power plants. It usually consists of logic controllers (PLCs)[1].
- DCS (distributed control system),
- This system is designed to automate technological processes and manufacturing processes. Difference between this control and SCADA is it that has the ability to visualize and control, so it is more advanced technology. It uses a network to connect controllers with executive devices or sensors[2]. The DCS is therefore mainly used in the field of process control and SCADA focuses on supervisory controls.
References
- Jaworski, B. J. (1988). Toward a theory of marketing control: environmental context, control types, and consequences. The Journal of Marketing, 23-39.
- A. Daneels, W. Salter (1999). What Is SCADA ?. International Conference on Accelerator and Large Experimental Physics Control Systems, 339.
- Keith Stouffer, Joe Falco, Karen Kent (2006). Overview of SCADA, DCS, and PLCs. Guide to Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) and Industrial Control Systems Security, 2-1.
Footnotes
- ↑ A. Daneels , W. Salter (1999). What Is SCADA ?. International Conference on Accelerator and Large Experimental Physics Control Systems, 339.
- ↑ Keith Stouffer, Joe Falco, Karen Kent (2006). Overview of SCADA, DCS, and PLCs. Guide to Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) and Industrial Control Systems Security, 2-1.
Author: Kamila Wronkowska
