Mountain tourism

Mountain tourism
See also
Extreme tourism Specialty tourism Coastal tourism Break bulk cargo Religious tourism Ethnic tourism Weep hole Secondary care Urban tourism

Mountain tourism involves many ways of hiking and wandering through rough and rocky terrain.

Main types of mountain tourism

Most common classes of this kind of tourism are:

• Independent mountain tourism: this type of travel is very popular among people who wish to reduce the financial costs. Tourist can create their own schedule, plan what to eat and where to sleep.
• Guided hiking - variety of mountain tourism, involving usually large group of novice travellers, conducted by a professional tour guide as established at the outset and accepted by all participants. Group accepts route planned by guide and follow him during trip. Guide makes sure that the group is not blown off-route. This mode of travelling is very expensive, but also provides a high level of comfort and even luxury.
• Hiking with children - planning a trip with a small child must by taken in advance (proper accommodation and food). Infant baby you can "take a walk" on parent in a special sling constructed on the basis of the backpack.

Fig. 1. Tatra Mountains - Poland

• Hiking with disabled people: if you intend to travel with a small group of elderly or people suffering from disabilities, you should learn about their diseases. Everyone should know the rules of first aid, and be equipped with a first aid kit containing the list of drugs that they should take in emergency.
• Advanced tourism: is something intermediate between exploring the mountain regions after labelled tourist paths and overcoming of routes, which the passage is only possible for persons having appropriate equipment and skills.
• Mountaineering - involves very difficult climbing trips with on high mountain terrain. Of all the above forms of mountain recreation it requires much experience and commitment. In order to overcome the difficult to reach parts of the mountains you must know how to use sophisticated climbing equipment.
• Cave tourism (spelunking) - trips to mountain caves, which have been made available for that purpose by national parks. It is not easy. The difficulties man encounters under the earth, arise from the specifics of the cave, where it is always dark, cool and humid. The underground corridors form a sometimes dense maze, where it's easy to get lost. Cave tourism require a higher degree of commitment and involves the use of techniques and equipment to reach places otherwise inaccessible.

Hiking trail

Hiking paths (trails) have a differentiated scale of difficulty, therefore, you should choose the one adequate for your experience. The degree of difficulty that you choose will decide the time necessary to overcome the distance. The time spent on traveling, also depends on the weather conditions and the actual physical fitness and mental well-being.

Preparation

Adequate preparation is necessary for mountain tourism. It requires planning of the various mountain hikes with an appropriate set of guides, maps, manuals, technical aids. Planning process involve: choosing goal, choice of hiking and walking trails, distinguishing the degree of difficulty of trails and tourist paths, preparing daily schedule on a mountain trail, appropriate selection of equipment and food supply. The amount of food depends on the length of the journey. One-day walk requires just a sandwich and a hot drink in a thermos. For several days journey you must obtain abundant food.

Equipment

Basic equipment, which should be in your backpack during any, even the easiest trips to the mountains, are: documents and money, watch, sunglasses, guide, first aid kit and a headlamp with spare battery. Expedition in the higher parts of the mountains requires a take compass and a precise topographic map of the region (or GPS device). Map, compass and altimeter helps to identify present location and the directions in which it should move to get to your destination. The higher we'll wander, we should choose more prudent set of clothes. It is necessary to warm clothes made of polyester material which has hydrophobic properties (fiber that hardly absorb water), even when they are entirely submerged. Soft shoes are only suitable for easy hiking trails leading a valley area. Rocky paths require more specialized footwear that provides good grip against the rock. Backpack should adhere closely to the body and does not wobble from side to side during the movement. Trails leading through hilltops or fragile rocks require the use of a helmet.

Dangers

Dangers in mountain tourism primarily are associated with the mountain climate. Fog, which often restricts visibility is one of the most dangerous enemies of the tourist. Fog is usually cold and damp, but the biggest danger is difficulty in orientation and all the consequences flowing from here. Wind is other serious danger, because unexpected gusts can knock off balance and push into the abyss, so in windy conditions, avoid routes leading on mountain ridges or ribs rock.

Examples of Mountain tourism

• Rock Climbing: This is an outdoor activity that involves scaling rocky surfaces using specialized equipment such as ropes, carabiners, harnesses and protective wear. Rock climbers often attempt to ascend difficult routes, often with a partner, in order to reach the summit of a mountain.
• Mountain Hiking: This is a popular form of mountain tourism that involves trekking over rocky and mountainous terrain. Mountain hikers may opt to trek solo or with a partner, often carrying supplies and equipment in order to reach a destination at the top of a mountain. Hikers may also choose to explore a mountain range, following different trails to reach various peaks.
• Skiing: This is a popular winter sport, in which participants use specialized ski equipment to travel over snow-covered slopes. Ski resorts often offer a variety of courses and runs, allowing participants of all skill levels to enjoy the mountain terrain.
• Paragliding: This is an aerial activity, in which participants glide through the air while suspended from a special parachute-like wing. Paragliders often launch from higher elevations, such as mountain peaks, and use the updrafts to stay aloft.
• Mountain Biking: This is a type of cycling that takes place on off-road terrain, such as rough mountain trails. Mountain bikers often use specialized cycles, with thicker tires and shock-absorbing suspensions, in order to navigate the difficult terrain.

Advantages of Mountain tourism

Mountain tourism has many advantages for both nature enthusiasts and those looking for a change of scenery. Some of the advantages of mountain tourism include:

• Improved physical and mental health: Hiking and walking through mountainous terrain can help improve physical fitness, as well as reduce stress and anxiety.
• Adventure: Mountain tourism provides a unique opportunity to explore untouched areas and experience the beauty of nature.
• Preservation of natural habitats: Mountain tourism can help in preserving these fragile and valuable ecosystems by providing economic incentives for conservation.
• Educational opportunities: Mountain tourism can be a great way to learn more about the local environment, as well as its history and culture.
• Community Involvement: Mountain tourism often provides opportunities for local communities to benefit economically from tourism. This can help to create a sense of pride and ownership in the local area.

Limitations of Mountain tourism

Mountain tourism can involve a variety of activities such as hiking, camping, and sightseeing, but there are some limitations to consider. These include:

• Physical Limitations: Mountain tourism can be physically demanding, and those with physical disabilities, health issues, or lack of physical fitness may face challenges attempting certain activities.
• Altitude Sickness: Many mountain regions are at higher altitudes, which can contribute to altitude sickness. Symptoms include headaches, nausea, and shortness of breath.
• Weather Conditions: Mountain weather can be unpredictable and can change quickly, which can be dangerous for those ill-prepared or inexperienced.
• Wildlife: Mountain regions are home to many wild and dangerous animals, potentially posing a hazard to those unfamiliar with their environment.
• Cost: Mountain tourism can be expensive due to the costs associated with transportation, lodging, and gear.

Other approaches related to Mountain tourism

Mountain tourism involves a variety of activities besides hiking and wandering. These activities include:

• Skiing and Snowboarding: Skiing and snowboarding are popular winter activities in the mountains. They involve sliding down a mountain slope on skis or a snowboard.
• Mountaineering: Mountaineering is an outdoor activity that involves ascending a mountain using various techniques such as rock climbing, ice climbing, and abseiling.
• Mountain Biking: Mountain biking is a sport that involves riding a bicycle on rough terrain. It is a popular activity among nature lovers.
• Camping: Camping is a great way to explore the wilderness and connect with nature. It involves setting up tents in the mountains and spending the night in the open.

In summary, Mountain tourism involves a wide range of activities such as skiing, snowboarding, mountaineering, mountain biking, and camping. These activities provide the perfect opportunity to explore the wilderness and connect with nature.

References

• Fredman, P. (2008). Determinants of visitor expenditures in mountain tourism. Tourism Economics, 14(2), 297-311.
• Nepal, S. K., & Chipeniuk, R. (2005). Mountain tourism: Toward a conceptual framework. Tourism Geographies, 7(3), 313-333.