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'''[[Process]] improvement''' task of identifying, analyzing and improving business processes. ...le, methods, tools, etc.), implementing improvements in selected processes and measuring effects, deploying improvements thorough the [[company]]<ref> See

...on of a similarity measure and belong to the unsupervised machine learning methods<ref>Everitt, Landau, Leese, Stahl, 2011, pp. 2-8.</ref>. A cluster should be maximally homogeneous within itself and clearly distinguishable from other clusters. A clear demarcation must be en

...es of the organization]]. Data collection also involves analyzing the data and interpreting the results to draw valuable business insights. ...the effectiveness of programs and services, identify areas of improvement, and inform decisions. Some of the most common applications of data collection p

...e integration of cyber-physical systems, the [[Internet]] of Things (IoT), and the cloud, to optimize the performance of industrial processes. ...real-time data from products and processes, which can be used to identify and correct quality issues.

...commonly used in industries such as aerospace, manufacturing, oil and gas, and power generation. ==Non destructive testing methods==

...] diagrams, [[work]]-flow diagrams, [[Fish diagram|Ishikawa diagram]]) and methods of [[project management]] (schedules, teams, network diagrams, budgeting, [ '''Organizational techniques''' generally allow for improvement of all work processes. They can be divid

...ments]], taking into account all its stages: [[planning]], implementation, and monitoring of results. It provides [[information]] used in the decision-mak ...uation of [[action]] in relation to the objectives, national or community) and operational aspects (monitoring of project activities).

...ple methods for data collection, such as surveys, interviews, focus groups and observation, to reduce the potential for bias. ...types, including self-reporting bias, response bias, [[interviewer bias]], and observational bias.

...in stages of the study coincide with the cycle of the basic organizational methods. ==Purpose of administrative and office work study==

...nd using dropout layers. Additionally, splitting the dataset into training and validation sets can help to identify if the model is overfitting. Regularization Techniques

...ly is performed for a payment. It can be consider in two ways: qualitative and quantitative. Also work is defined as a whole of actions and functions performed by specific [[employee]] or employees group on their jo

...tial losses resulting from a risk event such as legal costs, repair costs, and lost revenue. ...ver potential losses, as well as [[training]] staff on [[risk management]] techniques.

...e that resources are allocated efficiently and tasks are completed on time and within budget. ...This method is especially useful for projects that have a limited timeline and/or budget, as it allows managers to quickly identify areas where tasks can

...teamwork]] in the [[work]] [[process]] needed to accomplish specific tasks and goals. ...group of people. These are also activities that are carried out in teams, and they have been commissioned individually for each of them.

...f a large group of people and is particularly useful when examining trends and patterns. ...lyzing the data using [[descriptive statistics]] and correlation analysis, and drawing conclusions based on the results.

...s]] for reinforcing [[product]] value by improving the link beetween worth and [[cost]] through the study of function <ref> Fallon F. (1980). ''Value Anal ..., and problem solving<ref> Miles D. (2015). ''Techniques of Value Analysis and Engineering'', Miles Value Foundation, p. 2 </ref>.

...l population for a statistical sample, in which all elements have the same and known probability of being selected<ref> Heavey E., (2011), ''Statistics fo ...s its own advantages and disadvantages. Some people try to combine the two methods together <ref>Daniel J.,(2012), ''Sampling Essentials: Practical Guidelines

...in insights into their team’s performance, identify areas for improvement, and develop strategies to optimize processes. ==Example of analysis and interpretation==

...[corrective actions]], and the development of strategies for future growth and success. ...company]] should do to achieve its goals. It involves monitoring, analysis and [[evaluation]] processes to direct company's course in the right direction.

...sense of accomplishment, which can in turn lead to greater [[motivation]] and the ability to make even more significant changes. The acceleration princip ...ty of settings, including personal development, [[organizational change]], and business operations. Some examples of when it may be useful to use the acce

...search helps companies define important aspects for clients as a [[price]] and design. Moreover, product research can help to avoid expensive mistake. ==Marketing and product research as a cross-functional integration in product development==

...s [[documentation]] or [[education]]. It is shared among a group of people and is rarely documented or transferred outside the group. ...the [[organization]] works. However, it can also be a source of confusion and misunderstanding if it is not properly managed or documented.

...atch. This method uses a graphical or analytical techniques. Both of these techniques use the same assumptions relating to the unit [[cost]] of components. Main ...[[fixed cost]]s. Level of unit costs is driven by the cost of preparatory and finishing activities.

...s a formal method of documenting the examples of employee's both effective and ineffective actions during the rating period. ...defined as improving organizational performance by developing individuals and teams <ref>Koláčková G., Šalková A., Venclová K. (2013), p. 20 </ref>

...ed on check sheet. [[Information]]s concerning the frequency of the events and of the place their occurrence should be recorded. ...This is a very effective and simple tool that primarily serves to collect and organize data from the measurements to be carried out.

...they were popularized as quality tools. Development of quality methods and techniques lead to creation of new set of quality tools, which extended the older one. ...ts of [[quality management]] methods. They are based on simple mathematics and statistics. Therefore, they are often called '''[[statistical process contr

...ancial risk management involves identifying their sources, measuring them, and [[planning]] to address them<ref>Christofferson, P. F. (2011)</ref>. ...responsible for ensuring that models are properly developed, implemented, and validated. Moreever, they also have important responsibilities such as [[co

...el of quality will lead to greater [[customer satisfaction]], lower costs, and stronger [[customer loyalty]]. ...s and equipment used are of the highest quality. Additionally, identifying and eliminating any potential sources of defects, such as improper [[documentat

...2012) was an Japanese engineer and statistican, who applied [[statistical methods]] to manufacturing of goods. ...ue to World War II he had to stop studying. After war he changed interests and started to study statistics.

...ople who [[work]] for an [[organization]]. It is the [[process]] of hiring and developing employees so that they become more valuable to the [[organizatio ...s of an [[organization]] include all the skills, [[knowledge]] and efforts and [[capabilities]] of all employees.

...the relevant institutions, such as the main statistical offices, sanitary and epidemiological stations. ...ptive research is based on populations or units, which may be descriptions and case series, or cross-sectional studies. The descriptive study does not inc

...ata from multiple sources such as interviews, surveys, documents, records, and observations. By studying the chosen subject in-depth, researchers can gain ...rovide valuable [[information]] for policy-making, program [[evaluation]], and strategic [[planning]].

...target audience, which can help inform marketing, [[product development]], and [[customer]] service strategies. ...ce]] point. This [[information]] helps the retailer inform their marketing and product development strategies.

...l failures. For this reason, it is also known as a cause and effect chart, and due to the distinctive look - fish chart. The scope of application of this ...disclose the causes of defects, also those caused by themselves. Heuristic methods prove to be useful when creating Ishikawa chart.

...It is important to consider the potential risks associated with a project and how they will affect the projects success. ...ludes assessing the [[duration of the project]], the potential for delays, and the potential for [[cost]] overruns.

...rm"<ref>Srinagesh A.(2011)</ref>'''. They have appeared over the centuries and have a very long tradition in the history of [[education]]<ref>Ross S. M.(2 ...rinagesh, "Developing proficiency in various aspects of logic is difficult and time-consuming"<ref>Srinagesh K.(2011)</ref>. The function of an experiment

...chniques used in the negotiations are the result mainly of the negotiating and [[selling skills]] of the participants. You can distinguish techniques such as:

...experience and organizational solutions used in the manufacturing of goods and delivering services to satisfy [[customer]]s [[needs]]. * '''Hardware''' - the physical equipment necessary to perform the tasks and operations, the machinery, tools, systems, etc.

...n a creative way is required to start thinking outside the box, break down and reorganize our [[knowledge]] about the subject . It is problematic to compo ...to identify wish statement, get and select all needed information and data and stimulate new thinking.

...ination and fantasies as the main sources of invention. The main heuristic methods include: [[brainstorming]], Delphi [[method]], Gordon synectics, morphologi ...development, codification and [[strategy]] of [[creative problem solving]] methods.

...estimates of regression coefficients and can lead to incorrect conclusions and inferences. ...redictors, by combining them into a single predictor, or by regularization techniques such as ridge regression.

...ubgroup. It is a type of [[probability sampling]] that is used in research and data analysis. Stratified sampling is based on the idea that the population ...rticular medical treatment, the sample could be stratified by age, gender, and geographical region to ensure that a representative sample is taken from ea

...to do something. Knowledge (or in other words [[know-how]]) is contextual and ranges in form codified or codifiable (explicit knowledge) to experiential Knowledge is needed to understand business decision - making, growth and achievement of long - term vision of the [[organization]].

...ally, EIM focuses on the [[quality]] and security of data and information, and improving the organization’s ability to use them. ...monitoring and auditing data to ensure compliance with enterprise policies and standards.

...ily transportable goods, moving money out of the country, transfer pricing and use of so-called "under-ground banks" (Levi, Reuter, 2006). ==Historical and research background==

...and addressing special cause variation is necessary to improve the process and reduce variation, while common cause variation is typically accepted as a n ...cause variation examples can be found in many different types of processes and industries. Here are a few examples:

...activities that aim to determine the real state of the [[company]]'s fixed and [[current assets]], as well as liabilities for a given moment (C. Burja, N. ...on evidence (evaporation, drying, inaccurate measurement of the acceptance and release of bulk materials, inventory obsolescence, fashion changes, etc.)

...to calculate, and provides a more accurate measure of agreement than other methods. ...s agreement between multiple raters rating the same subject or phenomenon, and to compare the results of different tests or measurements made on the same

...rocess]] that consists of '''estimating the magnitude''' of the likelihood and consequences of the occurrence of risk factors identified at the [[identifi ...ct]]. In other words, there is a [[need]] for project [[risk management]], and one of the main elements of this process is [[qualitative risk analysis]] <

...by providing positive or [[negative reinforcement]] for desired behaviors and punishing or ignoring undesired behaviors to create lasting change. ...positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, shaping, token economies, and extinction.