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• Accounting estimate
  '''Accounting estimate''' - these are transactions that a [[firm]] enters into in final r ...position is a typical characteristic attribute for reporting and financial accounting <ref>Smith B. 2010, p. 78</ref>. Its value can be complicated or simple acc
  4 KB (669 words) - 17:13, 17 November 2023
• Accounting controls
  #REDIRECT [[accounting control]]
  58 bytes (5 words) - 14:31, 18 February 2023
• Micro Accounting
  ...rprises and is the opposite to macro accounting. According to Syed Sajid:, Accounting is often called the language of business through which normally a business ==Accounting Principles==
  9 KB (1,392 words) - 01:50, 18 November 2023
• Accounting conservatism
  '''Accounting conservatism''' is a principle-based approach to accounting which requires that all available [[information]] should be used to reflect ==Example of accounting conservatism==
  7 KB (1,016 words) - 17:13, 17 November 2023
• Accounting ratios
  '''Accounting ratios''' - such ratios, which are created based on [[market]] data regardi ==Examples of Accounting ratios==
  9 KB (1,404 words) - 14:46, 17 November 2023
• Government accounting
  ...Accepted [[Accounting Principles]] (GAAP) and International Public Sector Accounting Standards (IPSAS). ==Tasks in government accounting==
  3 KB (433 words) - 23:06, 17 November 2023
• Accounting control
  ...] of transactions, and regular financial reporting and audits. The goal of accounting control is to prevent errors, fraud, and mismanagement, and to provide assu ==Benefits of accounting control==
  8 KB (1,039 words) - 17:13, 17 November 2023
• Accounting cycle
  ...ng cycle closes, a [[brand]] new cycle begins, restarting the eight-step [[accounting method]] everywhere once more ==Understanding of the eight-step accounting cycle==
  7 KB (1,065 words) - 14:44, 17 November 2023
• Accounting error
  ...earnings, and potential legal or regulatory issues. To prevent and correct accounting errors, organizations should have robust internal controls and review proce ==Accounting error protection==
  8 KB (1,132 words) - 17:13, 17 November 2023
• Accounting fraud
  '''Accounting fraud''' is an intentional act involving the use of deception, which occurs * Tampering with, falsifying or altering the accounting records or supporting documents from which the financial statements are pre
  7 KB (1,026 words) - 17:14, 17 November 2023
• Accounting method
  ...s are recognized in an [[organization]]'s financial statements. Two common accounting methods are cash basis and accrual basis. Under the cash basis method, inco ==Accounting methods classification==
  8 KB (1,276 words) - 17:14, 17 November 2023
• Accounting profit
  ...allowed to be considered because it is against the accepted principles of accounting <ref> [https://european-science.com/eojnss/article/view/443/pdf Vahid, N., ==The calculation of the accounting profit==
  8 KB (1,107 words) - 17:15, 17 November 2023
• Accounting theory
  ...rt financial information. Accounting theory is used to develop and improve accounting standards, methods, and procedures, and to provide a framework for understa ==Accounting theories classification==
  13 KB (1,847 words) - 17:15, 17 November 2023
• Inflation accounting
  ...ure of a company’s performance over time. The main components of inflation accounting are: * '''Constant Dollar Accounting''': This method of accounting adjusts the financial statements of a company to reflect changes in the pur
  10 KB (1,538 words) - 23:49, 17 November 2023
• Accounting ratio
  #REDIRECT [[accounting ratios]]
  57 bytes (5 words) - 14:31, 18 February 2023
• Accounting reports
  ...in which the company operated and are usually created at the end of the [[accounting period]] (Cambridge University 2011, p. 333). ...resent the company's financial position during the last accounting period (accounting period is the specific time period in which the company operated on the [[m
  5 KB (749 words) - 17:15, 17 November 2023
• Accounting policies
  ...ień 2014, p. 398). In other words, accounting policy is a huge part of the accounting [[system]] that prepars information about the business activities in a comp ...ers. The truth is that accounting policy is not just an instrument used by accounting management and it is a full [[process]] that should begin soon after the st
  5 KB (733 words) - 17:14, 17 November 2023
• Accounting manual
  ...'' is a handbook that contains [[accounting policies]] and procedures. The accounting manual is usually internal document prepared by specialists and used by [[c ==Purpose of accounting manual==
  9 KB (1,193 words) - 17:14, 17 November 2023
• Inventory accounting
  '''Inventory accounting''' is part of accounting activities in a [[company]] that refer to changes in inventoried assets. Ty ...ress. Therefore, it is important to define the date on which the inventory accounting report was prepared.
  12 KB (1,709 words) - 00:17, 18 November 2023
• Accounting process
  The '''accounting process''' is a cyclical activity which is using by all business companies ...uments must be closed and summarized to continue activity and open a new [[accounting period]]
  6 KB (961 words) - 17:14, 17 November 2023
• Call accounting
  ...., and Gregory M. McGregor. 29 Apr. 1997 ''Mobile phone with internal call accounting controls''. U.S. Patent No. 5,625,669.</ref>. ...., and Gregory M. McGregor. 29 Apr. 1997 ''Mobile phone with internal call accounting controls''. U.S. Patent No. 5,625,669.</ref>.
  8 KB (1,114 words) - 18:51, 17 November 2023
• Accounting Principles
  '''Accounting principles''' are essential rules of accounting that ought to be followed in doing account [[planning]] and financial state .... Naturally, different regulations in different communities led to various accounting principles in each community.
  10 KB (1,481 words) - 17:12, 17 November 2023
• Accounting Convention
  ...reated on the basis of any law but it results from [[Accounting Principles|accounting principles]]. ...ally, convention is used in situations where there is no legal guidance in accounting standards that relate to a particular situation (Weil, R.L., 2014, p. 24).
  10 KB (1,563 words) - 17:12, 17 November 2023
• Environmental accounting
  ...Stefan Schaltegger "Possible reasons for the development of environmental accounting include the [[need]] to measure environmentally induced financial impacts o There is no single specific definition of environmental accounting regarding the scope of which projects should be included and which not. Ele
  5 KB (636 words) - 21:54, 17 November 2023
• Accounting period
  ...are made to track the financial results of a [[company]]. At the end of an accounting period, the financial transactions are summarized and reported in the form ==Example of accounting period==
  7 KB (1,042 words) - 17:14, 17 November 2023
• Accounting documents
  ...rship of assets and liabilities, evidence of cash transactions, records of accounting books and all kinds of supporting documents (Center for [[Audit]] [[Quality # Quotation - is an accounting document sent to the [[customer]] by the [[company]] providing a fixed [[pr
  10 KB (1,524 words) - 17:13, 17 November 2023
• Creative accounting
  '''Creative accounting''' is the use of the scope of freedom of persons who prepare financial stat ==Phenomenons in creative accounting==
  11 KB (1,694 words) - 20:20, 17 November 2023
• Accounting concepts
  ...ts using them for its own [[needs]]. The result of the adopted theoretical accounting concepts there is financial statements. "'''Accounting''' is a [[service]] activity. Its function is to provide quantitative [[inf
  11 KB (1,704 words) - 17:12, 17 November 2023
• Strategic management accounting
  70 bytes (6 words) - 14:53, 18 February 2023
• Ai in accounting
  ...lent activity, and the automation of payment and invoice processing. AI in accounting can also provide decision support and provide better insights into [[financ ==Example of AI in accounting==
  9 KB (1,250 words) - 17:34, 17 November 2023
• Government accounting office
  #REDIRECT [[government accounting]]
  61 bytes (5 words) - 14:42, 18 February 2023
• Objectivity in accounting
  ...re accurately reported in accordance with accepted [[Accounting Principles|accounting principles]] and standards. Objectivity is essential in the [[management]] ==Example of objectivity in accounting==
  8 KB (1,079 words) - 02:29, 18 November 2023
• Quality of accounting
  ...requires constant monitoring and updating of processes to ensure that the accounting system is up to date, accurate and compliant with all applicable laws and r ==Example of quality of accounting==
  8 KB (1,099 words) - 04:19, 18 November 2023
• Accounting and auditing
  '''Accounting''' is the [[process]] of recording, classifying, and summarizing financial ==Example of accounting and auditing==
  11 KB (1,472 words) - 17:12, 17 November 2023
• Accrual basis accounting
  ...ded. There are two main methods for recording revenues and expenses in the accounting [[system]] the cash basis and the accrual basis. Both ways can be used in a ...ing one reporting period. Many countries decide to switch to accrual based accounting, which is part of the [[process]] of changing the financial statements for
  4 KB (624 words) - 14:47, 17 November 2023
• Expanded accounting equation
  ...nses and drawing/dividends<ref>Agtarap-San Juan D. (2007), Fundamentals of accounting</ref>. ==The expanded accounting equation formula==
  9 KB (1,337 words) - 22:09, 17 November 2023
• Functions of accounting
  ...statistical (providing information and statistical data) or stimulus. All accounting functions are performed simultaneously. They lead to effective use of resou ==Internal and external functions of accounting==
  4 KB (556 words) - 22:50, 17 November 2023
• International accounting standards
  ...ternational accounting standards that form the basis for understanding the accounting principles and methods used in the world. Despite many years of attempts to harmonize accounting principles applied in different countries are still characterized by a larg
  7 KB (1,043 words) - 00:12, 18 November 2023
• Accounting rate of return
  The '''accounting rate of return''' (ARR) is a financial metric used to evaluate the profitab ==Accounting rate of return formula==
  6 KB (982 words) - 17:15, 17 November 2023
• International accounting standards board
  #REDIRECT [[international accounting standards]]
  74 bytes (6 words) - 14:43, 18 February 2023
• Change in accounting estimate
  .... In some cases, those estimates turn out to be incorrect so the change in accounting estimates will be warranted. '''A change in estimate is necessary when''': * alters the subsequent accounting for future or existing assets or liabilities.
  8 KB (1,237 words) - 19:13, 17 November 2023

Page text matches

• Government accounting
  ...Accepted [[Accounting Principles]] (GAAP) and International Public Sector Accounting Standards (IPSAS). ==Tasks in government accounting==
  3 KB (433 words) - 23:06, 17 November 2023
• Accounting controls
  #REDIRECT [[accounting control]]
  58 bytes (5 words) - 14:31, 18 February 2023
• Accounting ratio
  #REDIRECT [[accounting ratios]]
  57 bytes (5 words) - 14:31, 18 February 2023
• Creative accountancy
  #REDIRECT [[creative accounting]]
  59 bytes (5 words) - 14:37, 18 February 2023
• Government accounting office
  #REDIRECT [[government accounting]]
  61 bytes (5 words) - 14:42, 18 February 2023
• International accounting standards board
  #REDIRECT [[international accounting standards]]
  74 bytes (6 words) - 14:43, 18 February 2023
• Functions of accounting
  ...statistical (providing information and statistical data) or stimulus. All accounting functions are performed simultaneously. They lead to effective use of resou ==Internal and external functions of accounting==
  4 KB (556 words) - 22:50, 17 November 2023
• Accrual basis accounting
  ...ded. There are two main methods for recording revenues and expenses in the accounting [[system]] the cash basis and the accrual basis. Both ways can be used in a ...ing one reporting period. Many countries decide to switch to accrual based accounting, which is part of the [[process]] of changing the financial statements for
  4 KB (624 words) - 14:47, 17 November 2023
• Accounting policies
  ...ień 2014, p. 398). In other words, accounting policy is a huge part of the accounting [[system]] that prepars information about the business activities in a comp ...ers. The truth is that accounting policy is not just an instrument used by accounting management and it is a full [[process]] that should begin soon after the st
  5 KB (733 words) - 17:14, 17 November 2023
• Stock-taking
  ...n that moment. The purpose of the stock-taking is to check and correct all accounting data as well as to settle the people who were responsible financially for t ...period concept]]}} &mdash; {{i5link|a=[[Tax books]]}} &mdash; {{i5link|a=[[Accounting Principles]]}} }}
  3 KB (424 words) - 06:04, 18 November 2023
• Accounting estimate
  '''Accounting estimate''' - these are transactions that a [[firm]] enters into in final r ...position is a typical characteristic attribute for reporting and financial accounting <ref>Smith B. 2010, p. 78</ref>. Its value can be complicated or simple acc
  4 KB (669 words) - 17:13, 17 November 2023
• Environmental accounting
  ...Stefan Schaltegger "Possible reasons for the development of environmental accounting include the [[need]] to measure environmentally induced financial impacts o There is no single specific definition of environmental accounting regarding the scope of which projects should be included and which not. Ele
  5 KB (636 words) - 21:54, 17 November 2023
• Accounting period
  ...are made to track the financial results of a [[company]]. At the end of an accounting period, the financial transactions are summarized and reported in the form ==Example of accounting period==
  7 KB (1,042 words) - 17:14, 17 November 2023
• Accounting process
  The '''accounting process''' is a cyclical activity which is using by all business companies ...uments must be closed and summarized to continue activity and open a new [[accounting period]]
  6 KB (961 words) - 17:14, 17 November 2023
• Inflation accounting
  ...ure of a company’s performance over time. The main components of inflation accounting are: * '''Constant Dollar Accounting''': This method of accounting adjusts the financial statements of a company to reflect changes in the pur
  10 KB (1,538 words) - 23:49, 17 November 2023
• Objectivity in accounting
  ...re accurately reported in accordance with accepted [[Accounting Principles|accounting principles]] and standards. Objectivity is essential in the [[management]] ==Example of objectivity in accounting==
  8 KB (1,079 words) - 02:29, 18 November 2023
• Quality of accounting
  ...requires constant monitoring and updating of processes to ensure that the accounting system is up to date, accurate and compliant with all applicable laws and r ==Example of quality of accounting==
  8 KB (1,099 words) - 04:19, 18 November 2023
• Accounting conservatism
  '''Accounting conservatism''' is a principle-based approach to accounting which requires that all available [[information]] should be used to reflect ==Example of accounting conservatism==
  7 KB (1,016 words) - 17:13, 17 November 2023
• Tax books
  ...ise. The accountant is an accountant. Must have extensive [[knowledge]] of accounting and taxes, which should be kept up to date with changing regulations<ref>J. ...and balances. Thanks to this statement, we can control the correctness of accounting entries in a given reporting period<ref> C.Richards, 2010, p. 10-14</ref>.
  4 KB (696 words) - 06:39, 18 November 2023
• Accounting control
  ...] of transactions, and regular financial reporting and audits. The goal of accounting control is to prevent errors, fraud, and mismanagement, and to provide assu ==Benefits of accounting control==
  8 KB (1,039 words) - 17:13, 17 November 2023
• International accounting standards
  ...ternational accounting standards that form the basis for understanding the accounting principles and methods used in the world. Despite many years of attempts to harmonize accounting principles applied in different countries are still characterized by a larg
  7 KB (1,043 words) - 00:12, 18 November 2023
• Ai in accounting
  ...lent activity, and the automation of payment and invoice processing. AI in accounting can also provide decision support and provide better insights into [[financ ==Example of AI in accounting==
  9 KB (1,250 words) - 17:34, 17 November 2023
• Micro Accounting
  ...rprises and is the opposite to macro accounting. According to Syed Sajid:, Accounting is often called the language of business through which normally a business ==Accounting Principles==
  9 KB (1,392 words) - 01:50, 18 November 2023
• Consistency principle
  ...opinion, the principle is one of the most important features of effective accounting information<ref>Aicpa (2018), [https://www.aicpa.org/research/standards/aud ...a [[company]] applying the principle of cohesion should reach for the same accounting methods in similar cases in the future.
  8 KB (1,087 words) - 19:48, 17 November 2023
• Change in accounting estimate
  .... In some cases, those estimates turn out to be incorrect so the change in accounting estimates will be warranted. '''A change in estimate is necessary when''': * alters the subsequent accounting for future or existing assets or liabilities.
  8 KB (1,237 words) - 19:13, 17 November 2023
• Extraordinary Item
  ...in Generally Accepted [[Accounting Principles]] announced by the Financial Accounting Standards [[Board]] until 2015<ref> Whittington R. (2016) pp. 187 & 214,</r ...{{i5link|a=[[Managements discussion and analysis]]}} &mdash; {{i5link|a=[[Accounting concepts]]}} &mdash; {{i5link|a=[[Total income]]}} &mdash; {{i5link|a=[[Sun
  5 KB (678 words) - 22:16, 17 November 2023
• Accounting manual
  ...'' is a handbook that contains [[accounting policies]] and procedures. The accounting manual is usually internal document prepared by specialists and used by [[c ==Purpose of accounting manual==
  9 KB (1,193 words) - 17:14, 17 November 2023
• Accounting cycle
  ...ng cycle closes, a [[brand]] new cycle begins, restarting the eight-step [[accounting method]] everywhere once more ==Understanding of the eight-step accounting cycle==
  7 KB (1,065 words) - 14:44, 17 November 2023
• Accounting error
  ...earnings, and potential legal or regulatory issues. To prevent and correct accounting errors, organizations should have robust internal controls and review proce ==Accounting error protection==
  8 KB (1,132 words) - 17:13, 17 November 2023
• Accounting and auditing
  '''Accounting''' is the [[process]] of recording, classifying, and summarizing financial ==Example of accounting and auditing==
  11 KB (1,472 words) - 17:12, 17 November 2023
• Accounting method
  ...s are recognized in an [[organization]]'s financial statements. Two common accounting methods are cash basis and accrual basis. Under the cash basis method, inco ==Accounting methods classification==
  8 KB (1,276 words) - 17:14, 17 November 2023
• Accounting Convention
  ...reated on the basis of any law but it results from [[Accounting Principles|accounting principles]]. ...ally, convention is used in situations where there is no legal guidance in accounting standards that relate to a particular situation (Weil, R.L., 2014, p. 24).
  10 KB (1,563 words) - 17:12, 17 November 2023
• Accounting rate of return
  The '''accounting rate of return''' (ARR) is a financial metric used to evaluate the profitab ==Accounting rate of return formula==
  6 KB (982 words) - 17:15, 17 November 2023
• Expanded accounting equation
  ...nses and drawing/dividends<ref>Agtarap-San Juan D. (2007), Fundamentals of accounting</ref>. ==The expanded accounting equation formula==
  9 KB (1,337 words) - 22:09, 17 November 2023
• Accounting reports
  ...in which the company operated and are usually created at the end of the [[accounting period]] (Cambridge University 2011, p. 333). ...resent the company's financial position during the last accounting period (accounting period is the specific time period in which the company operated on the [[m
  5 KB (749 words) - 17:15, 17 November 2023
• Accounting theory
  ...rt financial information. Accounting theory is used to develop and improve accounting standards, methods, and procedures, and to provide a framework for understa ==Accounting theories classification==
  13 KB (1,847 words) - 17:15, 17 November 2023
• Money measurement concept
  ...actions which can be expressed in monetary terms should be recorded in the accounting books. This is due to the fact that money is the basic carrier of value and Monetary concept allows to standardize accounting entries by using monetary terms. This allows clearer bookkeeping and easier
  8 KB (1,172 words) - 01:58, 18 November 2023
• Reversing entry
  '''Reversing entry''' "is an entry made at the beginning of the next [[accounting period]]" ''(J. J. Weygandt, D. E. Kieso, P. D. Kimmel, 2010, p. 175)''. Re ...w balance sheet account for transaction that will be completed in the next accounting period, in the following way''' ''(J. M. Wahlen, J.P. Jones, D. Pagach, 201
  8 KB (1,340 words) - 04:51, 18 November 2023
• Cash Flow Plans
  ...about inflows and outflows of [[cash and cash equivalents]] (International Accounting [[Standard]] 7, 6). It provides [[information]] about financing constraints ...classified by operating, investing and financing activities"(International Accounting [[Standard]] 7, 10).
  4 KB (629 words) - 10:19, 18 November 2023
• Call accounting
  ...., and Gregory M. McGregor. 29 Apr. 1997 ''Mobile phone with internal call accounting controls''. U.S. Patent No. 5,625,669.</ref>. ...., and Gregory M. McGregor. 29 Apr. 1997 ''Mobile phone with internal call accounting controls''. U.S. Patent No. 5,625,669.</ref>.
  8 KB (1,114 words) - 18:51, 17 November 2023
• General journal entry
  ...s journal book, journal proper or book of original entry and it is part of accounting bookkeeping [[system]](Walther L.M., Skousen CJ. (2010), p. 34). ...and capital amount appearing in the balance sheet at the beginning of the accounting year
  5 KB (817 words) - 22:56, 17 November 2023
• Accounting documents
  ...rship of assets and liabilities, evidence of cash transactions, records of accounting books and all kinds of supporting documents (Center for [[Audit]] [[Quality # Quotation - is an accounting document sent to the [[customer]] by the [[company]] providing a fixed [[pr
  10 KB (1,524 words) - 17:13, 17 November 2023
• Cost of sales
  ==Deriving the cost of sales after the end of the accounting period== ...mary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false Accounting for Government Contracts--Cost Accounting Standards]'', LexisNexis
  4 KB (715 words) - 20:15, 17 November 2023
• Opening entries
  '''Opening entries''' (''opening journal entries'') are accounting entries in two different situations: ...nancial summaries<ref>Bhattacharyya A.K. (2012), ''Essentials of Financial Accounting: Based on IFRS'', PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.</ref>.
  9 KB (1,329 words) - 02:34, 18 November 2023
• Prior period adjustments
  ...times a [[company]] may make an error in the financial statements of one [[accounting period]] that is not detected until a later period. The error may be due to * the use of an accounting principle that is not ordinarily accepted
  8 KB (1,287 words) - 03:33, 18 November 2023
• Accounting Principles
  '''Accounting principles''' are essential rules of accounting that ought to be followed in doing account [[planning]] and financial state .... Naturally, different regulations in different communities led to various accounting principles in each community.
  10 KB (1,481 words) - 17:12, 17 November 2023
• Incurred cost
  ...r a [[resource]] is used and an expenditure is registered in the company's accounting books. To simplify this term, incurred cost occurs when a [[firm]]'s asset ...u/media/webmodules/publications/2.%20CMA-Executive.pdf Cost and Management Accounting]'', The Institute of Company Secretaries of India, p. 21</ref>.
  10 KB (1,527 words) - 23:43, 17 November 2023
• Compound journal entry
  it is an accounting entry with the following combinations<ref>Tulsian P.C. & Tulsian Bharat., 2 ...entries''': Adjusting entries are journal entries made at the end of an [[accounting period]] to correct accounts before preparing financial statements. They ar
  7 KB (1,058 words) - 19:40, 17 November 2023
• Closing the accounts
  ...s with permanent account, their balances are brought forward for every new accounting period. ...the beginning of the business. Their balances are move forward to each new accounting period.
  10 KB (1,641 words) - 19:22, 17 November 2023
• Objectivity principle
  ...ting measurements and [[accounting reports]] should use (''Introduction to accounting...'' 2005, p. 100): ...uence" that comes from adapting subjectivity''' when keeping [[company]]'s accounting records (''QuickBooks…'' 2015, p. 24-25).
  10 KB (1,424 words) - 02:29, 18 November 2023
• Accounting concepts
  ...ts using them for its own [[needs]]. The result of the adopted theoretical accounting concepts there is financial statements. "'''Accounting''' is a [[service]] activity. Its function is to provide quantitative [[inf
  11 KB (1,704 words) - 17:12, 17 November 2023
• Accounting profit
  ...allowed to be considered because it is against the accepted principles of accounting <ref> [https://european-science.com/eojnss/article/view/443/pdf Vahid, N., ==The calculation of the accounting profit==
  8 KB (1,107 words) - 17:15, 17 November 2023
• Objectivity concept
  ...ref> NCERT, (2015), p. 24 </ref>. According to the objectivity concept, an accounting transaction should be free from accountants bias. All records should be rep [[File:basic_accounting_concepts.png|400px|right|thumb|Fig.1. 13 basic accounting concepts]]
  8 KB (1,195 words) - 02:28, 18 November 2023
• Turnover
  * Hilton, R. W. (1991). ''Managerial accounting''. New York: McGraw-Hill. * Garrison, R. H., Noreen, E. W., & Brewer, P. C. (2003). ''Managerial accounting''. New York: McGraw-Hill/Irwin.
  2 KB (392 words) - 07:12, 18 November 2023
• Straight line amortization
  ...life. It is calculated by dividing the cost of the asset by the number of accounting periods in its life. Straight line amortization is used to spread the cost * Straight line amortization is a reliable method for accounting for the cost of an asset, as it results in the same amortization amount ove
  6 KB (944 words) - 06:06, 18 November 2023
• Economic entity assumption
  ...ion''' - otherwise called an accounting entity. A term used in finance, in accounting. It is the most important principle of four basic assumptions of financial accounting <ref>Pratt J. 2011, p. 79-82, p. 96</ref>.
  9 KB (1,347 words) - 21:35, 17 November 2023
• Accounting ratios
  '''Accounting ratios''' - such ratios, which are created based on [[market]] data regardi ==Examples of Accounting ratios==
  9 KB (1,404 words) - 14:46, 17 November 2023
• Normal loss
  ==Accounting approaches for normal loss== ...ciding which of the listed approaches should be considered in a process of accounting <ref> (R.Izhar, J.Hontoir 2001) </ref>:
  6 KB (1,069 words) - 02:26, 18 November 2023
• Creative accounting
  '''Creative accounting''' is the use of the scope of freedom of persons who prepare financial stat ==Phenomenons in creative accounting==
  11 KB (1,694 words) - 20:20, 17 November 2023
• Post closing trial balance
  ...the balances of permanent accounts which are carried forward to the next [[accounting period]]. As for the aim of such trial balance, it is to demonstrate balanc ...rial balance is to examine whether the ledger at the beginning of the next accounting period is in balance. The content of the post-closing trial balance i.e. th
  11 KB (1,771 words) - 03:19, 18 November 2023
• Closing entries
  ...t the end of a given [[accounting period]]. Entries are made in the manual accounting [[system]] to transfer balances from temporary accounts (from the income st ...osing the books'''<ref> Maher M.W., Hermanson R., Edwards J.D. (2011), ''[[Accounting Principles]]: A Business Perspective'', CreateSpace Independent Publishing
  9 KB (1,289 words) - 19:22, 17 November 2023
• Abridged accounts
  ...bridged accounts''' are simplified form of accounts that includes a full [[accounting period]] The main regulations on '''abridged accounts''' are contained in Accounting Directive - an EU directive whose main task is to regulate the disclosure a
  8 KB (1,093 words) - 17:07, 17 November 2023
• Conservatism principle
  ...of conservatism is concept in accounting under '''GAAP (Generally Accepted Accounting Principles)''' that requires that when in doubt, the accountant should go f ...part of accountant in his appraisals, opinions and choice of procedure. In accounting, conservatism concerns to the early [[identification]] of unfavorable incid
  10 KB (1,498 words) - 19:47, 17 November 2023
• Inventory accounting
  '''Inventory accounting''' is part of accounting activities in a [[company]] that refer to changes in inventoried assets. Ty ...ress. Therefore, it is important to define the date on which the inventory accounting report was prepared.
  12 KB (1,709 words) - 00:17, 18 November 2023
• Accrued income
  ...method]] and in the month when the payments are collected under the cash [[accounting method]]. ==Accrual accounting method==
  10 KB (1,447 words) - 17:17, 17 November 2023
• Budget account
  ...thin the current structure but also its complexity (United States. General Accounting Office, 1996) From the survey results made by General Accounting Office of the United States of America, budget accounts revealed a structur
  5 KB (717 words) - 18:34, 17 November 2023
• Controlling variants
  ===Controlling oriented on accounting=== ...t]] and loss account. This account is based on the legal provisions of the Accounting Act and does not answer the basic question of whether the business if profi
  4 KB (568 words) - 20:03, 17 November 2023
• Balance an account
  ...ance an account''' is the net amount of assets and liabilities during an [[accounting period]], i.e. the amount of [[money]] remaining in any bank account or oth ==In accounting==
  6 KB (928 words) - 18:03, 17 November 2023
• LIFO method
  '''LIFO''' is one of the methods of accounting for inventory and its disposal. It can be used for the valuation of both go ...=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false ''Management Accounting''], Published by Tata McGraw-Hill [[Education]], p. 825</ref>.
  6 KB (897 words) - 00:36, 18 November 2023
• Temporary account
  Accounts are used in the accounting [[system]] of the [[company]] to collect the recorded data from all financi ...refore, temporary accounts are used to gather information for a particular accounting period and balances of these accounts are not included in the next fiscal p
  9 KB (1,339 words) - 06:48, 18 November 2023
• Income summary account
  ...expense, revenue and withdrawals accounts). Therefore, they start a new [[accounting period]] with '''zero balances'''. Concerning the above stages of the [[accounting cycle]], at the end, Withdrawals account's balance is transferred to the ow
  9 KB (1,527 words) - 23:42, 17 November 2023
• External auditors role
  * External auditors may review the accuracy of an organization’s accounting records, such as income statements, balance sheets, and cash flow statement ...it]]}} &mdash; {{i5link|a=[[Quality of accounting]]}} &mdash; {{i5link|a=[[Accounting and auditing]]}} &mdash; {{i5link|a=[[Internal audit]]}} &mdash; {{i5link|a
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• Time period concept
  '''Time period concept''' (also called the '''[[accounting period]]''' <ref> Allen J. E. (2004), p. 204 </ref>) is one of the three basic [[Accounting Principles|accounting principles]] among '''going concern''' and '''consistency and accruals'''
  9 KB (1,370 words) - 06:56, 18 November 2023
• Materiality principle
  ...statements.It also states that [[company]] can invade another rule used in accounting if the amount as per transaction is not big enough to cause an error in fin ...red as '''Material'''. Accountants are obliged to follow rules accepted in accounting unless it makes no difference if a specific rule is not followed and when p
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• Substance over form
  '''Substance over form''' is an accounting principle that requires transactions to be recorded in accordance to their Substance over form should be used when accounting for any transactions that may have complex legal structures or involve mult
  7 KB (1,111 words) - 06:23, 18 November 2023
• Quality of earnings
  ...w quality of earnings is related to sources such as: inflation, [[creative accounting]], etc. ...df Disclosure Quality and Earnings Management]''. "Asia-Pacific Journal of Accounting and [[Economics]]" p. 2-10
  4 KB (652 words) - 04:20, 18 November 2023
• Periodicity concept
  ...this type of [[enterprise]], enterprises last indefinitely. In such cases, accounting and reporting must be carried out periodically<ref>Rajasekaran V, Lalitha R ...and valuation of assets''': The periodicity concept ensures that the same accounting principles and methods are used for the same type of transactions and event
  10 KB (1,459 words) - 03:07, 18 November 2023
• Income summary
  In a manual accounting [[system]], the closing entries will result in the following amounts in Inc ...used to close out multiple income and expense accounts at the end of an [[accounting period]]. For example, a [[company]] may have multiple income accounts such
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• T account
  ...ry accounting. T - account is a convention for arranging and gathering the accounting entries of transactions like cash, account receivable and [[bonds]] payable ...used less often usually to visualize operations on the account. Nowadays, accounting is more computerized, which eliminates the use of such accounts. However, t
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• General audit
  * Examining documents such as financial statements, accounting ledgers, and internal financial reports * Investigating the accuracy of the organization's accounting methods and procedures
  9 KB (1,234 words) - 22:55, 17 November 2023
• First in first out (FIFO)
  ...that the oldest inventory is the one that is used or sold first. Thus, the accounting calculation and analysis is performed based on the [[cost]] paid for the ol ...her things, because it is also less likely that a company using the FIFO [[accounting method]] will be examined by the tax authorities<ref>Sembiring,A. (2019).''
  8 KB (1,265 words) - 22:29, 17 November 2023
• Prudence concept
  ...ncept''' (otherwise ''the principle of conservatism'') is a '''fundamental accounting concept''', increasing the [[reliability]] of numerical data presented in [ ...ccounting Standards]] (IAS) and Generally accepted [[Accounting Principles|accounting principles]] (GAAP) take into account the concept of prudence in many stand
  10 KB (1,528 words) - 04:05, 18 November 2023
• Control account
  In addition to the control account, there are other approaches to managing accounting information which can be used to maintain accuracy and [[efficiency]]. Thes * '''Double-Entry Bookkeeping''': This is a [[system]] of accounting that requires recording of a transaction in two separate accounts. The debi
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• Value added statement
  ...of enterprise accounting'' and is placed in the context of '''progressive accounting''' <ref>Mook I. L. (2007), p.20</ref>. The reasons why companies are publis ...[[environmental]] and social value added. It has roots several contexts of accounting<ref>Mook I. L. (2007), p.14</ref>:
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• Manufacturing cost
  There are several advantages to understanding and accounting for manufacturing cost. ...labor, materials, overhead, and other expenses related to production. Cost accounting can be used to analyze the [[cost structure]] of a product, identify areas
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• Cost principle
  ...] and calculation in accounting events. There are necessities to stabilize accounting in countries (S. Nyquist 2000, p. 181). Cost principle was pioneered in 199 There are a few different types of [[Accounting Principles]] (S. Nyquist 2000, p. 181):
  9 KB (1,413 words) - 20:16, 17 November 2023
• Applied overhead
  ==Accounting for applied overhead== ...ger D., Mowen M., Hansen D. (2008), Fundamental Cornerstones of Managerial Accounting</ref>.
  8 KB (1,174 words) - 17:44, 17 November 2023
• Audit report
  ...inancial statements are presented fairly and in accordance with applicable accounting standards. The report will be addressed to the [[management]] and the [[boa ...controls, preparing the financial statements, and ensuring compliance with accounting standards.
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• Error Of Principle
  * An inappropriate use of an accounting principle or technique; * The use of wrong accounting principle;
  7 KB (1,108 words) - 21:57, 17 November 2023
• Recordkeeping system
  ...ing]]}} &mdash; {{i5link|a=[[Accounting documents]]}} &mdash; {{i5link|a=[[Accounting process]]}} }}
  4 KB (630 words) - 04:32, 18 November 2023
• Contra entry
  There are a few rules related to contra entries in accounting: * Contra entries should be clearly labeled and explained in the accounting records, such as in the "particulars" column of a double column cash book,
  8 KB (1,268 words) - 19:58, 17 November 2023
• Matching principle
  ==Other accounting principles== ...d Cost of Equity Capital Really Decreased?]. Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, 33(3‐4), 329-373.</ref>:
  9 KB (1,389 words) - 01:38, 18 November 2023
• Current balance
  ...ors. That technique is connected with the current balance. At the end of [[accounting period]], the contractors estimate the amount of [[cost]] for that period. In accounting, we can meet the term "equilibrium". In general, the accounts as a whole mu
  5 KB (716 words) - 20:33, 17 November 2023
• Books of original entry
  ...specified sequence of events in the [[process]] of preparing hand-written accounting books<ref>Gambling. T, (2011)</ref>. Daniel W. Kimuda defines this term as ...journal is a chronological record of all financial transactions. It is an accounting record which is used to record all financial transactions in the order in w
  8 KB (1,302 words) - 18:27, 17 November 2023
• Accounts uncollectible
  ...and how much it will not receive. Under generally [[Accounting Principles|accounting principles]], we should establishing a write-off for uncollectible accounts ...losses they may incur. *Accurately reflect financial position*Comply with accounting standards and applicable laws*Accurately forecast future cash flows*Plan fo
  8 KB (1,158 words) - 17:16, 17 November 2023
• Opening stock
  ...stock''' is the value of goods available for sale in the beginning of an [[accounting period]]. [[Closing stock]] is the value of goods unsold at the end of the accounting period.
  11 KB (1,810 words) - 02:34, 18 November 2023
• Closing entry
  '''Closing entry''' is made at the end of [[accounting period]]. It is the last entry made in the journal before data is moved fro The procedure of ending accounting period is as follows:
  8 KB (1,250 words) - 19:22, 17 November 2023
• IT systems in value chain management
  ...tralized platform for managing various business processes such as finance, accounting, and human resources. SCM systems are used to [[plan]], execute, and monito * Accounting systems
  3 KB (331 words) - 23:30, 17 November 2023
• Accrual method
  The '''accrual principle''' is an accounting concept that requires that economic transactions be recorded in the time pe Following the accrual basis of accounting gives a more accurate picture of a [[company]]'s true '''financial state'''
  11 KB (1,703 words) - 17:16, 17 November 2023
• Credit memo
  ...ogle.pl/books?id=AR3U7HN2NhwC&dq=credit+memo&hl=pl&source=gbs_navlinks_s ''Accounting''] SOUTH-WESTERN Cengage Learning p. 378 ...UKEwjw07uz0O_eAhUC2ywKHWPjDngQ6AEIPjAD#v=onepage&q=credit%20memo&f=false ''Accounting Information Systems''] SOUTH-WESTERN Cengage Learning p. 172
  4 KB (732 words) - 20:23, 17 November 2023
• Account format
  Account format is a crucial tool for business accounting, however it has a number of limitations. These include: ...rmined framework given to them. This can limit the scope of the business’s accounting [[capabilities]] and restrict the possibilities of tracking more complex an
  9 KB (1,463 words) - 17:11, 17 November 2023
• Deposits in transit
  ...to carry the missing [[money]] as deposits in transit, which are a way of accounting for discrepancies between the company's records and the bank statement<ref> There are several different approaches to accounting for deposits in transit that can be used to ensure accurate financial state
  8 KB (1,384 words) - 20:58, 17 November 2023
• Cost classification
  ...of costs and their impact on the financial result, proper grouping them in accounting books and calculation of manufacturing costs are classified the costs accor ...sts - simple costs incurred in connection with maintaining administration, accounting and supervisory, control and [[organizing]] functions.
  4 KB (630 words) - 20:11, 17 November 2023
• Compound entry
  * It helps to maintain clear and accurate records in the accounting books, as more than two accounts are involved in one transaction. ...tand. Compound entries require the user to have a greater understanding of accounting principles, as more than one debit and credit account is involved.
  8 KB (1,172 words) - 19:40, 17 November 2023
• Nominal ledger
  Prior to computerisation era accounting records written by hand in physical account books. Across the business the ...gy replacing traditional [[method]] of contact, recording data and also in accounting, accountants don't [[need]] to write in a journal each transactions detail
  8 KB (1,173 words) - 02:20, 18 November 2023
• Absorbed costs
  ...d cost''' is also called the absorption cost, it is a method in management accounting that takes into account the general costs of producing a [[product]] (varia ...d closing inventory levels differ, the '''[[profit]] reported''' for the [[accounting period]] '''under the two methods''' of cost accumulation '''will, therefor
  8 KB (1,279 words) - 14:39, 17 November 2023
• Purchase capital
  ...ished by its separate features compared to other companies. These are <ref>Accounting for Share Capital, (2019)</ref>: ...ability of members, companies can be classified into three categories <ref>Accounting for Share Capital, (2019)</ref>:
  4 KB (642 words) - 04:09, 18 November 2023
• Sub ledger
  ...t that booking on sub ledger has similar procedure to general ledger (from accounting perspective), it requires some additional activities to ensure the correctn ...her approaches to accounting, such as double entry bookkeeping and accrual accounting.
  8 KB (1,327 words) - 06:21, 18 November 2023
• Depletion expense
  * Depletion accounting - A [[method]] of accounting used to allocate the cost of natural resources over the life of a [[product ...oaches related to depletion expense include depletion allowance, depletion accounting, and oil and gas depletion allowance.
  8 KB (1,288 words) - 20:58, 17 November 2023
• Forward Exchange Contract
  ...f=false ''Wiley GAAP: Interpretation and Application of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles 2011''], John Wiley & Sons ...q=Forward%20Exchange%20Contract&f=false ''Accountants' Handbook, Financial Accounting and General Topics''], John Wiley & Sons
  5 KB (693 words) - 22:40, 17 November 2023
• Contra asset account
  '''Contra asset account''' in accounting is a type of account in which a '''credit balance''' prevails over a debit ...case of every contra account. Contra asset account is one of four used in accounting. Apart from this type, there exist also: liability, equity and revenue type
  8 KB (1,269 words) - 19:58, 17 November 2023
• Open item
  ''' Open item ''' - it is a '''manuscript''' found in an accounting ledger that keeps track of a particular variety of financial activity over ...over a period of time. Here are some advantages of using open items in an accounting ledger:
  10 KB (1,516 words) - 00:28, 18 November 2023
• Semi-variable cost
  ...l=pl&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false Management and Cost Accounting]'', South Western Centage Learning, London. ...''[https://www.academia.edu/28013972/Cost-Accounting-14th-Edition.pdf Cost Accounting. A Managerial Emphasis]'', Prentice Hall, Boston.
  6 KB (946 words) - 05:22, 18 November 2023
• Operating expenses
  * '''Legal and accounting''': This includes the cost of legal and accounting services. [[Category:Accounting]]
  4 KB (620 words) - 02:36, 18 November 2023
• Double counting
  ...''overestimation''' of anything we wanted to measure. It is very common in accounting, as example of the situation we can imagine that there is a [[need]] to inc ...ear in social accounting and then it make reference to a problem in social accounting practice that is conceptual. Approximately it happens while estimating a [[
  8 KB (1,265 words) - 21:27, 17 November 2023
• Beta alpha psi
  ...n systems. Beta Alpha Psi has many chapters on the universities that teach accounting and finance. At this moment there are over 300 chapters on university campu ...as to fulfil some requirements, among others: declare an academic major in accounting, finance or information systems, pay annual fee, maintain high [[level of q
  9 KB (1,388 words) - 18:18, 17 November 2023
• Grant date
  ...-a-roadmap-to-accounting-for-share-based-payment-awards.pdf ''A Roadmap to Accounting for Share-Based Payment Awards'], Deloitte ...s D. P., (2007),''2008 CCH Accounting for Compensation Arrangements'', Cch Accounting
  6 KB (1,021 words) - 23:06, 17 November 2023
• Outstanding deposit
  ==Outstanding deposit from an accounting perspective== '''In accounting terms''', transit cash is:
  8 KB (1,245 words) - 02:52, 18 November 2023
• General reserve
  '''General reserve''' is an accounting instrument of securing an entity against its future liabilities, the maturi ...orary differences between the value of assets and liabilities shown in the accounting books and their tax value as well as the tax loss possible to be deducted i
  8 KB (1,221 words) - 20:42, 17 November 2023
• Gross fixed assets
  .../files/Perpustakaan_Digital_1/ACCOUNTING%20Accounting_for_fixed_assets.pdf Accounting for Fixed Assets Second Edition]'', John Wiley&Sons,Inc., New York, p. 13</ ...ccounting period and its value is bigger than the level established by the accounting law must be depreciated. Fixed assets are divided into subcategories, such
  9 KB (1,443 words) - 23:09, 17 November 2023
• Proof of posting
  ...orities initiate an [[audit]] to verify the correctness of settlements for accounting and tax purposes. Such a challenge may result in an increase in the tax bas ...der agreement or a managerial contract. On the other hand, the most common accounting document is a receipt, which documents registered sales to individuals who
  9 KB (1,414 words) - 04:03, 18 November 2023
• Opening balance sheet
  ...ledger <ref>Stickney C.P, Weil R.L, Schipper K, Francis J (2009) Financial Accounting: An Introduction to Concepts, Methods and Uses, South-Western Cengage Learn ...the opening balance sheet is <ref>Krimpmann A. (2015) Principles of Group Accounting under IFRS, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, p. 776</ref>:
  8 KB (1,349 words) - 02:34, 18 November 2023
• Going concern principle
  '''This is an essential assumption''' because much of accrual accounting measurement is based on allocating expenses over different future periods. ...which is considered to be more reliable and useful than the cash basis of accounting.
  9 KB (1,412 words) - 23:03, 17 November 2023
• Annual Basis
  * Not accounting for seasonal fluctuations which can distort the data - for instance, sales * Buffett W., (2014), ''Accounting Book: Reading Financial Statements for Value Investing'',
  8 KB (1,258 words) - 17:42, 17 November 2023
• Target cost
  ...f the target cost [[method]], which is a tool for strategic [[management]] accounting and [[strategic cost management]], aimed at reducing the costs of a specifi ==Characteristics of target cost accounting==
  10 KB (1,446 words) - 06:38, 18 November 2023
• Purchases journal
  Main differences between journal and ledger<ref>''Fundamentals of Accounting...'' 2014, p. 30</ref>: ...rvices. For example, a business may record the purchase of legal services, accounting services, or [[consulting]] services in the purchases journal.
  8 KB (1,208 words) - 04:10, 18 November 2023
• Profit
  * [[Accounting profit]] - is equal to the calculated financial result based on profit and * Economic profit - is equal to accounting profit minus the value of the [[interest]] of equity, which could be obtain
  4 KB (596 words) - 03:49, 18 November 2023
• Qualitative characteristics
  ...of [[market]] disciplines. The use of qualitative characteristics and good accounting standards most often results in financial statements that provide reliable ...rmation can be compared with the financial information presented for other accounting periods, users can identify trends in results and financial position. Infor
  10 KB (1,415 words) - 04:12, 18 November 2023
• Economic income
  ==Accounting Income vs Economic Income== ...economic income or loss includes realized and unrealized gains or losses, accounting income or loss includes only realized gains or losses. In more detail the d
  10 KB (1,578 words) - 21:36, 17 November 2023
• Subsidiary ledger
  ...rB70kKt8C&printsec=frontcover&hl=pl#v=onepage&q&f=false ''"Fundamentals of Accounting: Course 1"''], Cengage Learning, USA, vol. 9 ....pl/books?id=seNp86zfM-gC&printsec=frontcover&hl=pl#v=onepage&q&f=false ''"Accounting: Tools for Business Decision Makers"''], John Wiley & Sons, USA, vol. 4
  8 KB (1,161 words) - 04:26, 18 November 2023
• Preliminary expenses
  In some [[accounting policies]] preliminary expenses are accounted in Reserves & Surplus as nega ...n setting up the financial systems of a business. This includes setting up accounting software, preparing financial statements, and registering with the appropri
  8 KB (1,098 words) - 03:22, 18 November 2023
• Fictitious asset
  ...sets are no more necessary, they are amortized or written off in following accounting periods. ...costs associated with setting up a business. Examples include legal fees, accounting fees, advertising and [[marketing]] costs, website design costs, and any ot
  8 KB (1,245 words) - 22:24, 17 November 2023
• External audit
  ...hat the financial statements are presented without material errors. Public accounting firms, like the [[big four]] in the United States (Deloitte, PWC, E&Y, KPMG ...f the entity in conformity with generally accepted [[Accounting Principles|accounting principles]]."
  10 KB (1,443 words) - 22:14, 17 November 2023
• Batch cost
  ...duct]] or for sales to customers generally"<ref>B. K. Bhar, (1990), ''Cost Accounting methods and problems'', Academic Publishers</ref>. This is a form of costin ...rticles are produced in [[production]] run <ref>B. K. Bhar, (1990), ''Cost Accounting methods and problems'', Academic Publishers</ref>.
  8 KB (1,220 words) - 18:10, 17 November 2023
• Account Analysis
  The second type divides analysis into analysis in accounting and banking. The first one is very difficult and requires a thorough unders Account analysis based on various legal documents. Each country has its own accounting regulations. International regulations have also been created for companies
  9 KB (1,382 words) - 17:11, 17 November 2023
• Process costing
  '''[[Process]] costing''' is a [[method]] of [[cost]] accounting that is primarily used in industries that produce a large number of identic Process costing is not the only cost [[accounting method]] used in the manufacturing [[industry]]. There are several other ap
  8 KB (1,325 words) - 03:36, 18 November 2023
• Contribution margin ratio
  ...WKxcQBHa5yBjEQ6AEISjAD#v=onepage&q=contribution%20margin%20ratio&f=false ''Accounting: Concepts and Applications''], United States of America ...v=onepage&q=contribution%20margin%20ratio%20strategy&f=false '' Managerial Accounting for Strategic Decision Making, Preliminary Edition''], John Wiley & Sons, U
  9 KB (1,357 words) - 20:01, 17 November 2023
• Experimental research
  ==Experimental research in accounting== ...arch studies phenomena such as, for example, stock [[market]] reactions to accounting [[information]]. These are the phenomena of [[interest]]. Experimental rese
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• Transfer cost
  ==The method of accounting for transfer cost== ...denominated in foreign currencies, such transactions are disclosed in the accounting books at the exchange rate <ref>A. Chwolka, J. T. Martini, D. Simon 2008, p
  5 KB (817 words) - 07:06, 18 November 2023
• Underapplied Overhead
  * Improved accuracy in cost accounting as costs are accurately allocated to the production [[process]]. Underapplied overhead can lead to several limitations when accounting for expenses. These limitations include:
  8 KB (1,283 words) - 07:24, 18 November 2023
• Direct expense
  * direct materials <ref>Cost Accounting p. 6</ref> - raw materials and basic materials from which a given product a * direct labour <ref>Cost Accounting p. 6</ref> - wages of workers employed directly in the production of specif
  8 KB (1,176 words) - 18:58, 17 November 2023
• Reporting entity
  ...p.3). Often instead of term ''reporting entity'' is used interchangeably ''accounting entity''. ...and other reports, as reporting entities are required to adhere to strict accounting standards.
  9 KB (1,222 words) - 04:41, 18 November 2023
• Days payable
  ...alculate '''days payable''' we [[need]] to take the number of '''days in [[accounting period]]''' and divide it by the '''payable [[turnover]]'''<ref>Crosson S. ...ge number of times that a company is paying its accounts payable during an accounting period. It shows [[credit terms]] extended to a company. To calculate it, f
  8 KB (1,378 words) - 09:40, 18 November 2023
• Net worth statement
  ...t worth statement is usually prepared at the beginning and ending of the [[accounting period]], but can be done at any time <ref> D. Hofstrand 2019, p. 5 </ref>. ...KHc7uAGQQ6AEINjAC#v=onepage&q=net%20worth%20statement&f=false ''Century 21 Accounting Multicolumn Journal''], Cengage Learning, USA.
  5 KB (715 words) - 02:16, 18 November 2023
• Quality of audit
  ...of the entity’s internal control systems and document retention and proper accounting practices. ...]]}} &mdash; {{i5link|a=[[Accounting and auditing]]}} &mdash; {{i5link|a=[[Accounting error]]}} &mdash; {{i5link|a=[[External quality assurance]]}} }}
  8 KB (1,305 words) - 04:19, 18 November 2023
• Cost per unit
  ...are allocated to the individual cost centres in the company. In cost unit accounting it is ultimately determined the amount of resources consumed by a company i The unit costs, which are determined within the framework of a cost accounting system, are available to the [[management]] as a basis for decisions. Furth
  13 KB (2,001 words) - 09:28, 18 November 2023
• Purchases ledger
  ...e trial balance cannot be balanced and it is hard to definite the mistake, accounting records should be instantly reviewed. Usually it takes some while of time f If the complement [[system]] of the accounting documented notes is kept, it should be often a regulatory accounts for purc
  11 KB (1,798 words) - 04:10, 18 November 2023
• Administrative cost
  ...nt]] and operation of the business, such as payroll, rent, legal fees, and accounting services. These costs are separate from the direct costs of producing goods ...iated with the overall management and administration of a company, such as accounting and legal services.
  8 KB (1,076 words) - 17:24, 17 November 2023
• Operating cycle
  ...he first of January and ends on December 31<REF> Berry A. (1999) Financial Accounting: An Introduction, Cengage Leearning EMEA, p. 69 </REF>. Various branches of The operating cycle includes<REF>Ramachadran N, Kakanu R.K (2005) Fiancial Accounting of [[Management]], Tata McGraw-Hill [[Education]], p. 46 </REF>:
  11 KB (1,798 words) - 00:30, 18 November 2023
• Purchase account
  ...re paid for buying some merchandise or other goods or items is applied the accounting concept called Historical Cost. Some of businesses buy on account only from ...h is defined as actual merchandise cost selling to customers in a single [[accounting period]]. The purchases account is used in computing cost of goods sold as
  9 KB (1,390 words) - 04:08, 18 November 2023
• Indirect labor
  ...w materials into the final, [[finished product]] <ref> Elementary [[Cost]] Accounting (2019),''[http://download.nos.org/srsec320newE/320EL28a.pdf Basic Cost Conc ...hodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/148572/9/09_chapter%204.pdf Cost Accounting and Cost Control System in Textile Industry in India]'', pg. 150-151 </ref>
  9 KB (1,302 words) - 23:45, 17 November 2023
• Sales journal
  ...ournal''') is one of documents of '''special journals'''. It is used in an accounting [[system]] to record credit sells. A sales journal is used to organize tran ...other approach related to Sales journal is the use of sales journals in an accounting system. These journals are used to record all transactions related to the s
  8 KB (1,346 words) - 05:08, 18 November 2023
• Cost allocation
  '''[[Cost]] allocation''' is a basic concept of cost accounting, which prescribes the [[process]] of assigning the cost of one cost object ...ct costs, such as personnel or material costs, are determined by financial accounting and assigned to the respective cost centre. If several cost centres are cha
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• Accounting fraud
  '''Accounting fraud''' is an intentional act involving the use of deception, which occurs * Tampering with, falsifying or altering the accounting records or supporting documents from which the financial statements are pre
  7 KB (1,026 words) - 17:14, 17 November 2023
• Interest Rate Collar
  ...nd Institutions, 10th Edition''</ref>, <ref>R. Venkata Subramani (2011), ''Accounting for [[Investments]], Fixed Income Securities and Interest Rate Derivatives: '''Disadvantages<ref>R. Venkata Subramani (2011), ''Accounting for [[Investments]], Fixed Income Securities and Interest Rate Derivatives:
  8 KB (1,235 words) - 00:06, 18 November 2023
• Joint product
  ...=frontcover&hl=pl&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false ''Cost Accounting''], Vikas Publishing House ...books?id=O9gI1oo-KMoC&printsec=frontcover&hl=pl#v=onepage&q&f=false ''Cost Accounting, Methods & Problems''], Academic Publishers
  8 KB (1,317 words) - 00:28, 18 November 2023
• Book profit
  * Book profits can be affected by changes in [[Accounting Principles|accounting principles]] and practices, which can lead to overstated or understated pro * Book profits can be misleading if the investor does not understand the accounting principles used in calculating them.
  9 KB (1,316 words) - 18:26, 17 November 2023
• Embedded derivative
  ...instrument or contract would not be measured again at fair value in each [[accounting period]] with some change in the value stated in the income statements. ...eater regulatory scrutiny, as they can be used to circumvent regulatory or accounting requirements.
  9 KB (1,401 words) - 21:46, 17 November 2023
• LIFO Liquidation
  |The [[accounting profit]] and value of unsold inventory becomes higher during deflation. |The accounting profit and value of unsold inventory becomes lower during deflation.
  10 KB (1,579 words) - 00:36, 18 November 2023
• Big four
  '''The Big Four''' is the name of the world's four largest accounting networks which in particular provides auditing and [[consulting]] services. ...economic sciences, namely [[audit]], theoretical and practical consulting, accounting, economic analytics <ref>Mykola V. Melnyk (2018)</ref>.
  14 KB (2,049 words) - 18:20, 17 November 2023
• Statutory books
  '''Statutory books''' are the accounting books, which are kept by the Companies Act <ref> Law J., Owen G., 2010, p.3 ...all financial transactions that occur within a business. It is the primary accounting record of a business and contains all income, expenses, and asset [[informa
  9 KB (1,351 words) - 06:02, 18 November 2023
• Managements discussion and analysis
  ...alysis section must satisfy specific standards. According to the Financial Accounting Standards [[Board]] (FASB), MD&A should present an objective presentation p ...s]]}} &mdash; {{i5link|a=[[Conservatism principle]]}} &mdash; {{i5link|a=[[Accounting Principles]]}} }}
  7 KB (987 words) - 01:20, 18 November 2023
• Cost element
  ...bring into the books financial accounting, [[controlling]] and management accounting. For each element there is a category amended which is determined by the tr ...rdinating expenses in Financial Accounting and primary costs in Management Accounting<ref> Blocher E. J., Stout D. E., Cokins G., 2010, p. 63-91</ref>.
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• Nominal account
  As stated in ''Managerial [[Economics]] and Financial Accounting'' nominal accounts are opened to explain the nature of the transactions. "T * '''Depreciation''': Depreciation is an accounting [[method]] used to calculate the decrease in the value of an asset over tim
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• Wrongful trading
  ...the financial condition of the company, the directors sought professional accounting advice. ...it]]}} &mdash; {{i5link|a=[[Accounting Convention]]}} &mdash; {{i5link|a=[[Accounting manual]]}} &mdash; {{i5link|a=[[Interim injunction]]}} &mdash; {{i5link|a=[
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• Uniform costing
  ...existing between companies <ref> [[Cost]] and <nowiki>Management</nowiki> Accounting (2010) </ref>.If the system would not been standardized, it would cause man ...e industry but different sections<ref> Advance <nowiki>Management</nowiki> Accounting, (Final Course Study Material), (chapter 9), (2011)</ref>.
  9 KB (1,367 words) - 07:28, 18 November 2023
• Continuous audit
  ...come statements and balance sheets, to ensure accuracy and compliance with accounting standards. It also involves monitoring current trends in the [[market]] and ...s to ensure accuracy and compliance with applicable laws, regulations, and accounting standards. This type of audit is performed to verify the accuracy of financ
  10 KB (1,379 words) - 19:56, 17 November 2023
• Contributed Surplus
  ...ital is the total amount paid-in by the shareholders. As we could read in "Accounting Principles" there are two classifications presented on the balance sheet wi Contributed surplus is an important concept in financial accounting, and there are a few other approaches related to it. These include:
  8 KB (1,216 words) - 20:00, 17 November 2023
• Debit memorandum
  A '''debit memorandum''' is an accounting document that is used to notify a business that their bank account has been The debit memorandum is an important accounting document because it ensures that the accounts of the business are kept up t
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• Non operating asset
  ...ed when operational results are provided at a lower cost. Historical costs accounting requires periodic checking of assets impairment. If depreciated historical ...accounting for non-financial assets pass the [[market]] test?'' Review of Accounting Studies, Volume 18, Issue 3 p.734-775.
  7 KB (994 words) - 00:19, 18 November 2023
• LIFO Reserve
  * An increased accuracy in accounting. By using the LIFO Reserve method, a company is able to more accurately rep ...C#v=onepage&q=lifo%20reserve&f=false Wiley CPA Exam Review 2010, Financial Accounting and Reporting]'', John Wiley & Sons
  8 KB (1,331 words) - 00:36, 18 November 2023
• Audit evidence
  ...ion, results of operations, and cash flows of an entity in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (GAAP). ...ion, results of operations, and cash flows of an entity in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (GAAP). Prima
  11 KB (1,568 words) - 17:55, 17 November 2023
• Substantive test
  * for the audit of the accounting balance of enterprises ...ues and compliance tests for initialling purchase invoices, because of the accounting authorisation and access to invoices constitute evidence that the deails of
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• Dishonored check
  ...ks, similarly as return items, directly to the depositary banks ''(General Accounting Office (1998))''. ...nnot be recovered and becomes an '''[[cost]]''' to the business ''(General Accounting Office (1998))''.
  7 KB (1,157 words) - 19:03, 17 November 2023
• Functions of financial management
  ...ss transactions by persons who have adequate [[training]] in the company's accounting books, which leads to a change in the balance of liabilities and assets, ca ...lysis]]}} &mdash; {{i5link|a=[[Cash flow analysis]]}} &mdash; {{i5link|a=[[Accounting process]]}} &mdash; {{i5link|a=[[Early warning system]]}} &mdash; {{i5link|
  5 KB (792 words) - 22:51, 17 November 2023
• Functional Currency
  ...rrency&f=false'' Ipsas Explained: A Summary of International Public Sector Accounting Standards''], Wiley: Ernst & Young, Chichester, chapter 4 ...hXFk4sKHYGRCuk4ChDoATAGegQIARA0#v=onepage&q=functional%20currency&f=false''Accounting for Investments, Equities, Futures and Options''], John Wiley & Sons, Singa
  4 KB (621 words) - 22:49, 17 November 2023
• Business process outsourcing
  ...e functions may include [[customer]] service, data entry, human resources, accounting, and other administrative tasks. The goal of BPO is to improve [[efficiency ...f BPO involves outsourcing non-core business functions such as data entry, accounting, and human resources.
  9 KB (1,304 words) - 18:46, 17 November 2023
• Purchase invoice
  ==Accounting the purchase invoice== ...l&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi404n98sneAhUL2SwKHaQ7CQYQuwUINTAB#v=onepage&q&f=false ''Accounting process: principles and problems''] [[Goodwill]] Trading Co, p. 68
  8 KB (1,303 words) - 04:09, 18 November 2023
• Inventory analysis
  ...ring the actual census (the actual state) and the state resulting from the accounting records. In other words, inventory analysis is a set of activities that aim * errors and abuses committed by employees in accounting records (numerical errors in [[documentation]] and records), mistakes in ac
  9 KB (1,260 words) - 00:17, 18 November 2023
• Cost coding
  ...with other accounting systems, such as double-entry accounting or accrual accounting. This ensures that the [[information]] from cost coding is accurate and can ...sa.gov/api/citations/19680006033/downloads/19680006033.pdf Managerial cost accounting for a technical information center]''. American [[Documentation]], 20(2), 1
  9 KB (1,464 words) - 20:11, 17 November 2023
• Cost variance
  ...=frontcover&hl=pl&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false ''Cost Accounting''], Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing [[Company]] Limited ...=frontcover&hl=pl&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false ''Cost Accounting 4E''], Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Limited
  8 KB (1,242 words) - 20:17, 17 November 2023
• Economic Value Added - EVA
  ...ply that the measure depends on figures that are nearer to cash flows than accounting profits. So, EVA might be less misshaped by the bookkeeping arrangements ch ...light of the fact that such costs will quickly lessen the present year's [[accounting profit]]. EVA perceives such expenses as speculations for the future and th
  7 KB (1,034 words) - 21:34, 17 November 2023
• Deferred expense
  ...method allows for the accurate matching of revenues and expenses to the [[accounting period]] in which they were earned or incurred. * '''Estimate method''': The estimate method of accounting uses estimated amounts to record expenses and revenues when they are incurr
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• Cost center
  ...depends on the managers objectives and the extent to which it could handle accounting [[information]] on costs. This system gives insight into the cost of produc
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• Statutory Audit
  Entities operating in the European Union are subject to EU Accounting Directive 2013/34/EU issue 26 June 2013, which establishes mandatory or sta ...U Member States have the [[option]] to exempt certain entities from the EU Accounting Directive and its statutory audit requirements.
  5 KB (671 words) - 06:02, 18 November 2023
• Time card
  ...Ni8MKHVqNCuYQ6AEILjAB#v=onepage&q=employee%20Time%20card&f=false ''Payroll Accounting 2018''], Cengage Learning. * Gliberston C. B., Lehman M. W., Gentene D., (2013), ''Century 21 Accounting: Multicolumn Journal, Introductory Course, Chapters 1-17'', Cengage Learnin
  5 KB (741 words) - 06:56, 18 November 2023
• Actual cost
  '''Actual cost (value)''' is an accounting term that means the amount that was paid to buy a [[product]] (that is, the ...oKHfw7AFIQ6AEIKTAA#v=onepage&q=actual%20cost&f=false ''Management and Cost Accounting''], Uniwersyti of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, p.65</ref>:
  8 KB (1,319 words) - 14:53, 17 November 2023
• Disposal of fixed assets
  ...ation value<ref>Warren C., Reeve J., Duchac J. (2009), Corporate Financial Accounting</ref>. ...he ledger<ref>Reeve J., Warren C, Duchac J. (2012), Financial & Managerial Accounting. Using excel for Success</ref>.
  9 KB (1,513 words) - 21:19, 17 November 2023
• Prepaid income
  '''Prepaid Income''' (known also as '''[[unearned revenue]]''') is an accounting idea that refers to a payment that has been received, but the asset has not ...it is received but instead it must be presented as such in the subsequent accounting periods in which the services or obligations in respect of the prepaid inco
  10 KB (1,625 words) - 03:22, 18 November 2023
• Fixed overhead
  ...re sometimes referred to as period costs, because they are charged to an [[accounting period]] and do not get allocated to specific products. Fixed overhead cost ...es for administrative staff''': Salaries for administrative staff, such as accounting and office personnel, are a fixed overhead cost.
  7 KB (1,138 words) - 22:32, 17 November 2023
• Book of original entry
  '''Book of original entry''' is a chronological record of accounting transactions showing the amounts of credits and debits, names of the accoun ...urnal entries are a record of the transactions that have occurred in the [[accounting period]]. They are used to record the debits and credits of each transactio
  9 KB (1,381 words) - 18:26, 17 November 2023
• Entity theory
  ==Entity theory in accounting== ...the owners or any other entities. Following concept assures visibility of accounting ledgers particular entity. Under the entity theory all transations made by
  11 KB (1,657 words) - 21:53, 17 November 2023
• Cost risk
  ...rtaking, whether or not covered by subsystems financial and [[management]] accounting (Z. Yalian,2009, pp. 2-5). ...accounting. Measurement of cost risk is certainly a specific issue of cost accounting. It can be considered for a dual-issue, in relation to the estimation of co
  13 KB (2,039 words) - 20:17, 17 November 2023
• Authorized Stock
  ...ce expenses. The authorization of common stock does not result in a formal accounting entry. The reason is that the situation has no immexliate impact on corpora ...hased by investors. It is a subset of the authorized stock and affects the accounting as it requires the recognition of revenue when the stock is issued.
  9 KB (1,358 words) - 17:58, 17 November 2023
• Allocated cost
  [[Category:Accounting]] ...xample of allocated cost is the cost of a shared service, such as legal or accounting services. The cost of the services would be allocated between the departmen
  9 KB (1,402 words) - 17:36, 17 November 2023
• Cost proposal
  Cost proposal s often based on financial statements, executive budgets, [[accounting reports]] and historic data. Final document might include below<ref> Office * based on '''accounting records''' current, accurate and completed data should be developed,
  4 KB (581 words) - 20:16, 17 November 2023
• Comptroller
  ...&mdash; {{i5link|a=[[Bank secrecy]]}} &mdash; {{i5link|a=[[Objectivity in accounting]]}} }}
  8 KB (1,230 words) - 19:41, 17 November 2023
• Horizontal Analysis
  |It requires comparative financial statements of two or more [[accounting period]]. ...ncial ratio from one year to the next has been caused by a modification in accounting methods or by a change in the ways a company does business.
  10 KB (1,516 words) - 23:23, 17 November 2023
• Operating earnings
  ...erating earnings are subject to manipulation, as companies may use various accounting strategies to boost their operating earnings. ...ermanence of pro forma earnings and Gaap operating earnings]''. Journal of Accounting and [[Economics]], 36(1-3), 285-319.
  6 KB (854 words) - 02:35, 18 November 2023
• Fair value hedge
  ...ally binding on each party ([[customer]] and [[supplier]]). To apply hedge accounting to cover fair value [[risk]], the hedging position must be a single asset o "The accounting for a fair value hedge '''should not continue''' if any of the events below
  9 KB (1,451 words) - 22:22, 17 November 2023
• Unexpired risk reserve
  Unexpired risk reserve is an insurance accounting concept used to estimate the amount of unearned premiums that the insurer h In summary, the unexpired risk reserve is an insurance accounting concept used to estimate the amount of unearned premiums that the insurer h
  10 KB (1,608 words) - 07:28, 18 November 2023
• Prepaid rent
  ...advance. These costs are described as prepaid expenses. By the end of an [[accounting period]], a piece or all of prepaid goods or services will have been used o ==Accounting For Prepaid Rent==
  10 KB (1,657 words) - 03:22, 18 November 2023
• Mixed cost
  ...rder to separate a mixed cost into its fixed and variable elements, a cost accounting [[system]] must be used. ...id=9QYF3iSnaegC&printsec=frontcover&hl=pl#v=onepage&q&f=false ''Managerial accounting: A Focus on Ethical Decision Making''] Fourth edition, Thomson South-Wester
  8 KB (1,292 words) - 01:52, 18 November 2023
• Banking book
  ...the banking book is in line with the accrual concept, which allows for the accounting of [[interest]] flows as they arise. The important thing is that the type o * Simplified accounting - The banking book simplifies accounting for banks by providing an easy-to-follow set of rules and guidelines for re
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• Activity-based management
  Although ABC is a relatively new [[innovation]] in [[cost]] accounting, it is being rapidly adopted by other organizations such as '''corporations ...H.T., Kaplan, R.S. (1987), p. 1</ref> have pointed out, current management accounting information is '''too slow, too aggregated, and too biased to be relevant t
  10 KB (1,334 words) - 17:19, 17 November 2023
• Internal check
  ...uracy of transactions and the accounting system, which are recorded in the accounting system, are important. This control is about detecting errors and achieving * Make sure that the accounting rules are followed.
  10 KB (1,512 words) - 00:10, 18 November 2023
• Receiving report
  Except for the original one, accounting [[system]] makes three duplicates of receiving report, one for archives of * A receiving report is also used in an accounting context to document the receipt of a payment from a [[customer]] or [[clien
  8 KB (1,292 words) - 04:32, 18 November 2023
• Annual depreciation
  ...e asset]], which is used by the [[company]] for the period longer than one accounting year. Often, terms '''"amortization" and "depreciation"''' are used simulta amount of units produced or used by the asset during one [[accounting period]] in
  11 KB (1,637 words) - 17:42, 17 November 2023
• Integrated management system
  Such systems most often originate from financial and accounting systems, which were then extended with modules supporting sales, [[producti * accounting and finance,
  7 KB (998 words) - 00:03, 18 November 2023
• Direct labor cost
  ==Challenges of direct labor costs in accounting== * '''Activity-Based Costing''': Activity-based costing is an accounting [[method]] that assigns costs to specific activities performed within the p
  11 KB (1,641 words) - 21:13, 17 November 2023
• Common-size financial statement
  * They do not take into account differences in accounting methods or the [[cost]] of capital. Therefore, the results may not be an ac ...HUbGAUwQ6AEIMjAB#v=onepage&q=common%20size%20financial%20statement&f=false Accounting: Concepts and Applications]'', Cengage Learning
  8 KB (1,282 words) - 19:29, 17 November 2023
• Direct material
  For purposes of register of materials and commodities the following accounting evidences are used (Baskerville P. (n.d.), p. 3): ...nt/uploads/2011/12/BUS103-SOURCEDOCUMENTS.pdf What are source documents in accounting?]'', Retrieved 2019, p. 3.
  10 KB (1,480 words) - 21:14, 17 November 2023
• Underlying Profit
  ...any to company. Depending on the [[method]] of calculation, differences in accounting practices and the type of items excluded from the calculation can produce d ...{{i5link|a=[[Fixed-Charge Coverage Ratio]]}} &mdash; {{i5link|a=[[Expanded accounting equation]]}} }}
  9 KB (1,295 words) - 07:25, 18 November 2023
• Normal cost
  ...is the practice of substituting an expected cost for an actual cost in the accounting records. The expected cost is the standard cost, which is predetermined. It * '''Marginal Costing''': Marginal costing is an accounting system where only variable costs are allocated to the product or service. I
  10 KB (1,569 words) - 02:26, 18 November 2023
• Weighted average method
  ==Accounting methods== ...ef>Internal Revenue [[Service]] Staff 1975 </ref>. Detailed description of accounting methods <ref>Internal Revenue Service Staff 1975 </ref><ref>Flood J. M. 201
  9 KB (1,534 words) - 07:49, 18 November 2023
• Sundry income
  ==Sundry income accounting== In accounting, sundry income is recorded as a separate line item on a company's income st
  9 KB (1,417 words) - 06:26, 18 November 2023
• Productize
  * finance and accounting services, ==Finance and accounting services==
  10 KB (1,350 words) - 03:48, 18 November 2023
• Amortization of intangible assets
  ...l form, therefore their [[identification]] may be difficult. International Accounting Standards (IAS 38) specify how to determine whether an [[intangible asset]] Under [[international accounting standards]], only acquired assets may be intangible assets, except for cost
  13 KB (1,901 words) - 17:38, 17 November 2023
• Cash flow analysis
  ...relations due to the elimination of the impact of [[Accounting Principles|accounting principles]] and valuation methods, and thus ensures comparability of finan ...[Altman Z score]]}} &mdash; {{i5link|a=[[Net gain]]}} &mdash; {{i5link|a=[[Accounting profit]]}} &mdash; {{i5link|a=[[Managements discussion and analysis]]}} &md
  8 KB (1,219 words) - 19:04, 17 November 2023
• Contract guarantee
  ...ance Contracts: An Interpretation of FASB Statement, Wydanie 60] Financial accounting series, pp.1-57.</ref>. ...ance Contracts: An Interpretation of FASB Statement, Wydanie 60] Financial accounting series, p. 1-57.
  11 KB (1,637 words) - 19:59, 17 November 2023
• Indirect material
  ==Related accounting issues== ...1gZXlAhVi1qYKHTzcDzMQ6AEIaDAH#v=onepage&q=indirect%20material&f=false Cat4 Accounting For Costs - Study Text]'', Get Through Guides, C1.3
  13 KB (1,988 words) - 23:46, 17 November 2023
• Management representation letter
  ...nues and expenses have been recorded in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. ...documents]]}} &mdash; {{i5link|a=[[Internal audit]]}} &mdash; {{i5link|a=[[Accounting and auditing]]}} &mdash; {{i5link|a=[[Stock ledger]]}} &mdash; {{i5link|a=[
  9 KB (1,312 words) - 23:12, 17 November 2023
• Stock register
  ==Accounting== The inventory that has not been used or sold during [[accounting period]] (may be month), has to be calculated and moved to next period.
  9 KB (1,487 words) - 06:05, 18 November 2023
• Contribution to sales ratio
  ...iable cost, as well as by improving the [[product]] mix<ref>Rao T. (2006), Accounting and [[Financial management|Financial Management]] for BCA & MCA</ref>. ...id=-6Ctfhv_8l0C&printsec=frontcover&hl=pl#v=onepage&q&f=false ''Management Accounting for Hospitality and Tourism''], International Thomson Business Press
  8 KB (1,187 words) - 20:01, 17 November 2023
• Bills Payable
  ...s an elder definition, and is more widely met in the English [[system]] of accounting than the American system. Bills payable is liability document and it shows In the bills payable accounting procedure are three phases,
  8 KB (1,383 words) - 18:21, 17 November 2023
• Long-Term Assets
  ...fM06jlAhXXwMQBHWnDDoU4ChDoAQgoMAA#v=onepage&q=long%20term%20assets&f=false Accounting Problem Solver]'', Research & [[Education]] Assoc., Piscataway, Ch. 11 ...aYKHQepDxwQ6AEIMjAB#v=onepage&q=long%20term%20assets&f=false Principles of Accounting]'', Cengage Learning, Mason, pp. 474-475
  7 KB (1,106 words) - 01:04, 18 November 2023
• Unearned revenue
  ...lity on their balance sheet. This will ensure that the company is properly accounting for any payments that have not been earned. * '''[[Accrual basis accounting]]''': This approach recognizes revenue when goods are delivered or services
  7 KB (1,144 words) - 07:26, 18 November 2023
• Contingent consideration
  * Accounting complexity - Accounting for contingent consideration is complex due to the need to address the unce ...s_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false ''CPA Exam Review 2010, Financial Accounting and Reporting''], John Wiley & Sons
  9 KB (1,332 words) - 19:56, 17 November 2023
• Issue of shares at premium
  ...s-Financial-Accounting-Bhattacharyya/dp/8120346513 Essentials of Financial Accounting: BASED ON IFRS]'' PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd, 2012 ...&pg=PA244#v=onepage&q=Issue%20of%20shares%20at%20discount&f=false Advanced Accounting]'' PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd, 2010
  4 KB (651 words) - 00:23, 18 November 2023
• Net domestic product
  * ''' National Income Accounting''': National income accounting is a [[method]] used to measure the [[total income]] of a country or region ...in the economy over time. Other related approaches such as National Income Accounting, Gross Domestic Product and Gross National Product are also important measu
  8 KB (1,325 words) - 02:14, 18 November 2023
• Interim Statement
  ...ith the requirements of [[International accounting standards|International Accounting Standards]], ''IAS 1''), or a set of condensed financial statements for an ...other companies’ interim statements, as each company may have different [[accounting policies]] and procedures.
  10 KB (1,422 words) - 00:08, 18 November 2023
• Manufacturing overhead (MOH)
  Accounting for manufacturing overhead includes both assigning costs to the manufacture In summary, accounting for manufacturing overhead includes assigning costs to manufactured product
  8 KB (1,148 words) - 01:23, 18 November 2023
• Biological assets
  ...assets are not highlighted in any of the groups. Due to the International Accounting [[Standard]] (IAS) 41 they are classified as agricultural produce. Full [[c ...rement attribute for biological assets became significant for agricultural accounting<ref>Du W., 2013, p. 323</ref>.
  9 KB (1,379 words) - 18:22, 17 November 2023
• Salvage value
  ...esidual value, and is used in determining the depreciation of an asset for accounting and tax purposes. * Salvage value is used to calculate the depreciation expense for accounting and tax purposes.
  8 KB (1,284 words) - 05:10, 18 November 2023
• Controllable costs
  ==Responsibility accounting and controllability concept== ...ed as a controllable one. That brings us to the issue of '''responsibility accounting''' which main aim is to assign specific costs to the managers that possess
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• Bad debt recovery
  ...place to conform to the matching concept otherwise income of the folowing accounting year will be understated. It is treated as a business loss. Bad debts recov '''Write-offs are only an accounting entry.''' They do not mean that loan recovery should not continue to be pur
  8 KB (1,213 words) - 18:02, 17 November 2023
• Cost behavior
  ...s D., ( 2010 ), " ''Cost Behavior and Analysts, Earnings Forecasts"'', The Accounting Review, p. 1440-1442</ref>. ...he cost behaviour<ref> Banker R., Byzalov D., Chen L. , (2013), Journal of Accounting and Economics, Elsevier, p. 2-14</ref>.
  8 KB (1,294 words) - 20:11, 17 November 2023
• Payables turnover
  ...284 </ref> ,i.e. that a [[company]] pays its accounts payable during the [[accounting period]]. This ratio reflects the relative size of accounts payable, a comp * Not accounting for the effect of any discounts given or received - the ratio does not cons
  8 KB (1,171 words) - 03:00, 18 November 2023
• Credit memorandum
  In accordance with the opinion of the tax authorities, the manner of accounting for the WNT adjustment depends on the circumstances that led to the [[need] * Duchac J, Reeve J, Warren C., (2011), ''Accounting'', South-Western Cengage Learning,
  13 KB (2,068 words) - 20:23, 17 November 2023
• Cost-plus pricing
  ..._esc=y#v=onepage&q=%22Cost-plus%20pricing%22&f=false ''Management and Cost Accounting'' ], Thomson, London, p. 436-437 ...g: A Time-Based Management Approach''], "Journal of Applied [[Management]] Accounting Research", nr 10, p. 1-16
  8 KB (1,294 words) - 09:27, 18 November 2023
• Enterprise resource planning
  ...f data. ERP systems are used to manage critical business functions such as accounting, human resources, [[customer]] relationship [[management]], inventory manag * '''Accounting''': An ERP system can be used to automate the accounting [[process]] of a business. This includes managing accounts payable and rece
  10 KB (1,411 words) - 21:53, 17 November 2023
• Master budget
  ...mani A., Horngren C.T., Datar S.M., Rajan M. (2015), ''Management and Cost Accounting'', Pearson [[Education]] Limited, Harlow, pp. 425-439 ...wi_tML_gYjlAhWP1aYKHT4mA8Y4FBDoAQhEMAM#v=onepage&q=master%20budget&f=false Accounting: Information for Business Decisions]'', Cengage Learning Australia, South M
  12 KB (1,994 words) - 01:38, 18 November 2023
• Theory of constraints
  * '''Throughput Accounting''' - a technique for measuring performance and guiding management decisions ...plemented [[method]] in fields such as [[project]] management, finance and accounting, [[marketing]] as well as supply chain amongst others<ref> Techt U., (2014)
  5 KB (683 words) - 06:51, 18 November 2023
• Quality costs record
  ...lude information about the chart of accounts in the company and methods of accounting used. ...costs. '''Sampling''' concerns on rapid one-time costs diagnosis based on accounting data.
  8 KB (1,199 words) - 04:15, 18 November 2023
• Purchase returns and allowances
  ...e+should+be+confirmed+in+writing.&hl=pl&source=gbs_navlinks_s ''Century 21 Accounting''], Cengage Learning, USA ...C&dq=Purchase+returns+and+allowances&hl=pl&source=gbs_navlinks_s ''College Accounting''], Cengage Learning, USA
  8 KB (1,215 words) - 04:09, 18 November 2023
• Progress billings
  ....g. in construction business as a part of Percentage of completion (PoC) [[accounting method]] of evaluating of progress in the project. The [[customer]] receive ...on+Systems+bodnar&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjQ7ZOst8biAhVyposKHapDDVYQ6AEIMDAB Accounting Information Systems]''
  8 KB (1,262 words) - 03:51, 18 November 2023
• Step fixed cost
  ....pl/books?id=YJl_7ltqg20C&hl=pl&source=gbs_navlinks_s ''Essentials of Cost Accounting for Health Care Organizations''], Jones & Bartlett Learning, Sudbury ...DgRH3EgC&dq=step+fixed+cost&hl=pl&source=gbs_navlinks_s ''Cost Management: Accounting and Control''], Cengage Learning, South-Western, USA
  8 KB (1,297 words) - 06:03, 18 November 2023
• Current portion of long-term debt
  ...ource of financing]] for equity and liabilities<REF>Financial & Managerial Accounting</REF>. Then, liabilities are identified as long-term and short-term (curren ...s investors about the current financial condition of the company Financial Accounting.
  10 KB (1,526 words) - 20:33, 17 November 2023
• Product cost
  ...uses, for example: machinery, buildings or human resources <ref> How cost accounting distorts product costs, Apr 1988, p.20 </ref>. Product cost is a comprehensive accounting [[system]] that includes all the costs associated with a product’s produc
  9 KB (1,322 words) - 03:40, 18 November 2023
• Actuarial Value
  ...thematics, as well as statistics and probability, [[economics]], insurance accounting, as well as databases and mathematical modelling. This [[knowledge]] combin ...sted tools are used'''. [[International accounting standards|International Accounting Standards]] (IAS 19) (L. Ballotta, S. Habermann, 2006, p. 212). Recommends
  10 KB (1,480 words) - 17:20, 17 November 2023