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...roducts and services. Organization's environment includes all the elements of the direct and indirect impact outside it which are relevant to its functio ==Types of business environment==

...sions in the business world, since it can significantly affect the success of a [[product]], [[service]], or [[organization]]. This environment can be broken down into several components:

'''Emergent [[strategy]]''' is a business approach that is evolved over time as a response to changing [[market]] con The main elements of emergent strategy include:

'''Clusters''' are geographic concentrations of interconnected companies, specialized suppliers, services, companies operat ...results in the division of labour and the creation of specialized factors of [[production]].

...multi-faceted and complex set of factors, depending on the characteristics of the project, such as: * [[cost]] of the project,

...al environment to identify any changes that could affect the effectiveness of existing strategies. Based on this analysis, strategy maintenance may invol ==Example of strategy maintenance==

...ic context, the contingency approach relies on four main components: the [[environment]], the organization, the leader, and the [[technology]]. ...implement different strategies than a company operating in a more relaxed environment.

...ible and efficient way, as well as to leverage the collective intelligence of the agents within the system. ==Example of complex adaptive system==

...uals and teams [[work]] together and get things done. To ensure successful business operations, it is essential to understand the role emotions can play in you ...and respond in a given context. As a manager, it is important to be aware of these emotions and how they shape the atmosphere in your [[company]].

.... It is an important tool for managers to understand the global business [[environment]] and make informed decisions. ==Example of international business research==

...s can be undertaken. The goal of a Technology Park is to provide the right environment and incentives for technology-based companies to grow and succeed. The core elements of a Technology Park include:

Strategic [[marketing]] is a [[process]] consisting of: ...analysis]] of the [[environment]], [[competition]] and factors shaping the business units

...a sustainable, responsible approach to tourism that minimizes harm to the environment, local communities, and culture. ==Example of negative tourism impacts==

...e requires resolving the situation within the company in relation to the [[environment]], careful [[planning]] and [[decision making]]. The success of anti-crisis measures is dependent on many different factors, among which th

...ers [[creativity]] and new ideas, encourages collaboration and the sharing of different perspectives, and can ultimately lead to better decision-making, ==Example of types of diversity==

...ating an [[environment]] of inclusion and respect for everyone, regardless of differences. This can bring fresh perspectives and different experiences to ...to measure the levels of diversity in their organization. Different levels of diversity can be identified, such as gender, racial, or ethnic diversity.

...the creditworthiness of counterparties. It is often claimed that this type of risk includes everything that is not classified as other risks. ==Sources of risk==

Scenario is an expected picture of the situation in the future. Scenarios created for enterprises represent th ...w you to provide various types of phenomena that can occur in a changing [[environment]], which will help prepare them.

...s, such as companies and governments. Rating agencies evaluate the ability of a borrower to meet its financial obligations, including [[bond]] payments. ==Example of Rating agency==

...sment of the organization's impact, and a focus on the long-term interests of [[stakeholders]]. ==Example of corporate social performance==

...the processes and tools used to make them. The main types of decisions in business are strategic, tactical, operational, and financial. ...ting. An important feature of this division is to emphasize the importance of decisions made by the individual managers.

...ages [[creativity]] and problem-solving. Intellectual diversity fosters an environment where everyone feels valued, respected, and accepted. ==Example of intellectual diversity==

...ty to think beyond the norm, to think in unconventional ways and break out of traditional thought patterns. ...ure of [[innovation]] and collaboration. They [[need]] to provide a safe [[environment]] for their team to express their ideas and be open to new solutions. They

...ting objectives and strategies, and developing and implementing a [[plan]] of action. ==Example of Planning process==

...ing [[relationships with customers]], as it helps to create an environment of mutual respect and understanding. ...ding '''organizational trust, interpersonal trust, [[customer]] trust, and business partner trust'''. It is important to understand each type and how they can

...ors. The theory of innovation emphasizes the importance of developing an [[environment]] that encourages [[creativity]] and innovation, as well as understanding t ==Example of theory of innovation==

...s. Strategic agility requires an organization to have a deep understanding of the current market, trends, and the [[capability]] to quickly react and adj * '''Resilience''': The ability to maintain a competitive edge in the face of change.

...ion and care are both expressions of empathy that involve an understanding of the other person's feelings and a desire to help them. ...re help to create a collaborative [[work]] atmosphere and foster a [[sense of belonging]], which leads to increased productivity and better results.

...e promotion of the company, and the image is often perceived as the effect of Public Relations activities. ==Types of company image==

...and interests, providing opportunities for growth, and creating a [[sense of community]] in the workplace. ==Example of motivation at work==

...gement]] perspective, economic shock can cause significant disruption to a business’s operations, as it can lead to a decrease in [[demand]], a decrease in p ==Example of economic shock==

...tial of internationalization, companies must develop the right combination of strategies and tactics, such as global branding, international market segme ==When to use process of internationalization==

...ative impact on productivity and morale, as well as on the overall success of the organization. ==Example of silo mentality==

Decentralization is the [[process]] of transferring decision-making powers down the organizational [[hierarchy]], ...s down the ladder. Is an expression of confidence in relation to the skill of lower-ranking managers and staff.

...te changes in the [[market]] [[environment]]. This can be due to a variety of factors, including: ...s, so they may choose to stick with the same prices even when the [[market environment]] changes.

...of the variation and determine its impact on the overall [[system]]. Cause of variation analysis can help managers determine if the variation is due to n ==Example of cause of variation==

There are many '''factors affecting business''' described in literature and examined during [[strategic management proce ...ctors affecting business''' or so called '''external factors of [[business environment]]'''

...e equitable and diverse [[workforce]], and the importance of creating an [[environment]] where everyone can thrive. ==Example of shattering glass ceilings==

...ructure shows how each division of a business is set up, the [[hierarchy]] of who reports to whom and how [[communication]] flows throughout the organiza ==Types of Organizational Systems==There are four main types of organizational structures===Functional organizational structure===

...ccess to physical and mental health resources, and creating a supportive [[environment]] where employees can reach their full potential. Additionally, by promotin ==Example of health and wellbeing==

...nd the sustainability of economic welfare. It also stresses the importance of policies that help to ensure that the economy runs at its full potential. ==Example of new keynesian economics==

...te realistic scenarios and to allow participants to experiment and develop business strategies. ==Example of business simulation game==

...imately, the goal of organizational learning theory is to foster a culture of change, [[creativity]] and [[continuous improvement]]. ==Example of organizational learning theory==

...sful and profitable business. SRB involves looking at the long-term impact of decisions, rather than just the short-term gains, as well as considering al ==Example of socially responsible business==

...technologies in order to make them more efficient or effective. '''Drivers of innovation''' can be divided into two categories: internal and external dri ...an organization’s control, such as changes in the political or economic [[environment]], [[customer]] demands, or technological advances.

...[[profit]]s of the [[company]]), as well as to protect and multiplication of [[social welfare]] ...business in creating social welfare. [[Business ethics]] is important part of corporate social responsibility]]

...members to connect, learn, and grow in their field of expertise. Community of practice can be used in organizations to facilitate collective learning, en ==Example of communities of practice==

...desired future state. Strategy also involves monitoring and [[evaluation]] of progress, as well as responding to changing conditions. ==Example of strategy of the organization==

...unt of capital to get started. Micro-enterprises can be found in a variety of industries, including retail, food and beverage, transportation, constructi ...]]. As the business is small, the overhead costs are minimal, and the risk of losses is minimized. Micro-enterprises also provide entrepreneurs with an o

...tand the behavior of employees in a [[workplace]], as well as the behavior of customers in a retail setting. ==Example of social influence theory==

...an individual or group that is significantly affected by the actions of a business or [[organization]], and has an [[interest]] in its success and operations. ...ion, and are typically the ones who have the most to gain or lose from the business's decisions and performance.

...trategy to ensure it remains on track. It requires clear [[communication]] of the strategy to all personnel, as well as establishing the necessary system ==Example of execution of strategy==

...riods with prior periods, without taking into account the changes in the [[environment]] and other forces that could have influenced the results. For example, if ==Example of base effect==

...] techniques, to operational processes and procedures. The core principles of management theory can be broken down into four main categories: [[planning] ...nd objectives]] and determining how to achieve them. It is the [[process]] of deciding what [[needs]] to be done, when it needs to be done, and who will

...-way street, with the organization providing a supportive and productive [[environment]] that meets the employee's [[needs]]. ==Example of organisational commitment==

...on of new products, tendency to take risks and work after hours, dominance of informal and direct contacts, uncontrollable costs may occur, problems with ==The elements of an innovative culture==

...e process of business communication impacts on outperforming in [[business environment]] (N. Gopal 2009, p. 3). ==Division of business communication into types==

...potential solutions to any current or future problems. Ultimately, a lack of information can create significant difficulties in achieving [[organization ==Example of lack of information==

...mong employees and [[management]]. Business communication involves the use of written, oral and visual communication methods. It is essential for effecti ==Example of business communication process==

...of Business Processes''' is one of the forms of improving the functioning of an [[enterprise]], which is based on<ref>Snee,R.D.(2004)</ref>: * defining the [[strategic goals]] of the [[company]]

...a business to remain competitive and successful. Companies must stay ahead of the [[competition]] and be open to change in order to remain relevant in th ...omer]] demands, [[technology]] and the economy. This helps them stay ahead of the competition by embracing the latest trends and technologies.

...success or failure of an [[organization]], and they provide an indication of the direction a company should take in order to stay competitive. They can ==Example of business driver==

...[[core values]] and mission statements that provide employees with a sense of purpose and direction. ==Example of values and beliefs==

...spective markets. The concept of strategic fit is also used in the context of [[mergers and acquisitions]], where it is used to assess the compatibility ==Example of strategic fit==

...involves analyzing the data and interpreting the results to draw valuable business insights. ...of improvement, and inform decisions. Some of the most common applications of data collection processes include:

...final [[consumer]], but are instead used in the [[production]] [[process]] of other goods. Intermediate goods are a vital part of the [[production process]], and are essential for creating the goods and se

...ate. Legal factors are closely associated with [[ethical factors affecting business]]. ...operates, and can have a significant impact on the financial aspects of a business.

...n of areas where improvements can be made. An environmental audit consists of four main components: ...eloping recommendations for improvement''': This includes developing a set of recommendations to help the organization improve its environmental performa

...tion]] prior to the implementation of any internal control. It is the risk of loss due to internal factors, such as [[employee]] error or fraud, or exter Inherent risk can be caused by a variety of factors, including:

...the competition.Organizational change is every change taking place in our environment.However, it must be remembered that implementing the change alone is not en ...heir qualifications during the process, which, however, increases the time of change but also increases productivity and [[innovation]].

...ingful [[relationships with customers]] and creating a positive [[work]] [[environment]]. Trust in a [[company]] is a measure of how much employees and customers believe in the company's goals, values, an

...cted to a visual indicator such as a light or sign that alerts supervisors of the issue. In addition to this, some andon cords are connected to computers ==Example of andon cord==

...ctive part in its implementation) or are directly concerned by the results of it. Stakeholders can exert influence on the [[organization]]. ==Types of stakeholders==

...onment]]. It is a type of lateral thinking that seeks to broaden the range of ideas and perspectives available for consideration. It is commonly used in ==Example of parallel thinking==

==Subject of tax strategy== The subject of tax strategies of company are expenses resulting from having to pay the tax burden and to kee

...T analysis]], Porter's Five Forces, and the Balanced Scorecard. The choice of model will depend on the [[organization]]'s specific [[needs]] and goals. ...unctional [[information]]''' and feedback indicating the '''dynamic nature of strategic [[management]]''' in the [[enterprise]].

...eign investor assumes some degree of ownership and control in the domestic business, which can lead to greater economic growth and job creation. ==Example of direct foreign investment==

'''Sustainable [[project]] [[management]]''' is a [[process]] of managing a project and its resources to ensure that it meets its goals whil ...takeholders]], the [[environment]], and the community. It involves the use of sustainable practices throughout the [[project life cycle]], from [[plannin

...ckground come together in a population or [[organization]]. This diversity of culture, ideas, and experiences can be a powerful asset for any organizatio ...ementing anti-discrimination measures, organizations can create a [[work]] environment where employees feel safe and comfortable.

...tential to develop one. The model can also be used to assess the resources of potential competitors. By doing so, managers can identify threats and oppor ==Example of VRIO model==

...a stable macroeconomic [[environment]]. These policies can include the use of fiscal, monetary, and trade policies to achieve the desired economic outcom ...ow countries to diversify their economic activities, reducing the [[risk]] of economic shocks and providing more opportunities for growth and development

...ortable hotel travelling around country. QWL is an idea of creating work [[environment]] as friendly as possible(Inda S.S. 2013, p. 1-24). ==Functions of Quality of Worklife==

Every business understands the importance of [[communication]]. Whether it’s internal or external, communication is th '''[[Internal communication]]''' is the exchange of [[information]] within the [[organization]]. This includes employees, depar

...t is important for [[project]] managers to identify and address the causes of productivity loss in order to maximize efficiency and increase output. ==Example of loss of productivity==

...nge in unexpected, negative direction without connection to the activities of the company. ...ign of threat and take protective and preventive measures before the onset of their negative effects.

...recognizing and rewarding employees, managers can create a positive work [[environment]] that encourages employees to continue to give their best effort and striv ==Example of recognition and reward==

...tivate their employees to achieve their desired goals. There are two types of rewards: intrinsic and extrinsic. ...rent to the job itself, such as job satisfaction, recognition, and feeling of accomplishment. Intrinsic rewards are powerful motivators that can be used

...anizational solution characteristic in the industrial era in the direction of the network structure. ...from both inside and outside the organization, they in turn, are a source of additional benefits.

...it can be concluded that the company most likely adheres to the principles of ethics (A. Fernando 2010, p. 1.5). ...iness is an ethical business"''. A business that does not follow the rules of ethics will probably collapse after some time (A. Fernando 2010, p. 1.5).

...ration for investors, as it can have an outsized impact on the performance of an individual security or company. As such, investors must take extra care ==Example of idiosyncratic risk==

...a framework for evaluating the potential returns and risks associated with business decisions. It is based on the company's values and [[risk management]] [[st ==Example of risk appetite statement==

...ure and turn-over of goods are not statistically evidenced. Characteristic of this activity is that it is unregulated, hence it is not included in the GD Major reason for the existence of informal sector:

...ation’s ability to attract and retain talent, create a positive [[work]] [[environment]], and build successful relationships with [[stakeholders]]. ...vironment]]. It is also important for managers to recognize the importance of creating an organizational culture that is unique and differentiates the co

...L. Cooper proposed a taxonomy of agents of change, including the following types: * Generators of change (their goal is to provoke a sense of the [[need]] for change in the community), including:

...king]]''' is the process of selecting from a set of alternatives. The goal of both planning and decision making is to maximize [[efficiency]] and effecti ...used in different scenarios. These can be used to weigh the pros and cons of each alternative and arrive at the best possible decision.

...also increase. Similarly, if the number of employees decreases, the sales of the company may also decrease. Positive correlation can be used in manageme ==Example of positive correlation==

...pe of risks usually applies to a larger group of people and the difficulty of anticipation is associated with a lower incidence. An example of such risk may be technological changes related to the launch of a better [[quality]] [[product]] at a lower [[price]], which will result in

...ethods predict different types of phenomena that can occur in a changing [[environment]] and help managers in preparing for them. ...f various factors influencing the [[company]], its trends and the capacity of the [[enterprise]] to adapt to them.

...elationships that can be specified in the [[company]] and setting for each of these gaps adequate strategy. ==Types of gaps in strategic management==

...any]] [[need]] to put in it. This can include assets, salaries or purchase of materials and more. Proper investment can give in potential returns in the Linear '''[[process]] of [[innovation]]''' distinguishes following stages:

...interest]] and [[cost]]-benefit analysis. It is an interdisciplinary field of study, drawing on concepts from [[economics]], psychology, sociology, and o ...conomic and social processes'''. Practitioners of praxeology use a variety of research methods to gain insights into decision-making, including surveys,

* Maintaining a steady state, i.e. immunity to changes in [[environment]] (to certain level) ...ility to retrieve [[information]], material and energy from the [[business environment]].

...business encourages trust between all parties involved, as well as a sense of accountability and responsibility. ==Example of transparency in business==

...fficiency]] of the organization and well-being of workers. The development of organization is a prerequisite for the survival, stability and improvement. ...g ones, change the structure of these [[system]]s, an increase in the size of the company to ensure its [[competitive advantage]] in the long run.

...ffluent are normal domestic sewage and rainwater run-off. The size of your business does not affect the fact that your waste liquids are treated as trade efflu ...any. For some types of effluent, you may also [[need]] a permit from the [[Environment]] Agency<ref> S. Williams 2013, p.22</ref>.

...re two sides of the same coin, and both are important for the success of a business. Competition helps organizations to strive for excellence, while cooperatio ==Example of competition and cooperation==

...[[product]] or [[service]]. Performance [[management]] is the [[process]] of monitoring performance and making necessary adjustments to ensure that goal ==Example of performance of an organization==

...t]] and specialized committees. Companies also frequently use the services of consultancy firms and various research centers. ...an be prepared in a condensed or expanded form (depending on the [[needs]] of the management).

...''L'''egal factors. It has other variants, which only have different order of factors: '''SLEPT analysis''', '''PESTLE analysis''' and '''PESTEL analysis ==Main factors of STEEPLE analysis==

...rn on [[investment]] metrics<ref>''Guardian Energy'' (2015), LLC v. County of Waseca https://mn.gov/tax-court-stat/published%20orders/2017/Guardian%20En ==Types of properties==

...f all stakeholders, the [[availability of resources]], and the development of strategies to ensure the project's long-term success. Sustainability is ess ==Example of sustainability of project==

...isational commitment]] to have a measurable effect. An indirect [[action]] of organisational commitment is shaping positive employer branding, which make ==Types of organisational commitment==

...corruption levels among them. It is also used to assess the effectiveness of anti-corruption policies and initiatives. ==Formula of corruption perception index==

...limits on a scale of one cell in chain, but also support the determination of boundaries between units. Use of the strategy wheel should be preceded by a preparatory phase, in which rele

...lues, and collective identity that unites a group, often centered around a business or [[organization]]. It fosters collaboration, trust, and cooperation among ==Example of sense of community==

...ucture determines the roles and relationships among the different [[levels of the organization]] and provides a framework for how [[work]] is divided and ...on, its culture, and the nature of the work it performs. Some common types of organizational structures include functional, divisional, matrix, and flat.

...stablished procedures. They are also likely to prioritize the preservation of the status quo over [[innovation]]. ==Example of high uncertainty avoidance==

...d on the long-term activities specifying and implementing the [[objectives of the organization]]. Is characterized by the following features: ...f the [[need]] to make decisions manager ask: "which of the possible lines of [[action]] will best match our [[strategy]]?"

...[level of risk]] that an [[organization]] is willing to accept. Perception of risk is highly contextual and subjective, as it depends on factors such as ==Example of perception of risk==

'''Nature of [[strategic management]]''' can be described in following points: * uncertainty about the future and [[quality]] of data acquires is relatively high

...aking are centralized and controlled by a small group of people at the top of the organization. .... Works best in a dynamic [[environment]], in small organizations. Concept of adhocracy was developed by Henry Mintzberg, and is often called as '''Mintz

...e. As managers, it is important to understand the benefits and limitations of [[project]] sustainability so that we can ensure that our initiatives are s ...m benefits to the local community, while also minimizing the impact on the environment.

...he market or on the market, it is order, description, [[need]] or decision of market participant. ...h those variables in order to take rational market decisions in conditions of insecurity, connected with marketing [[management]].

...] representatives, or individuals in organizations with the responsibility of making decisions that affect the public. They create policies that set the Policy makers have a broad range of responsibilities and solutions they can bring to address a problem. They ca

...s or groups, as this can have an effect on how people interact and conduct business. To help understand and manage cultural distance, there are many [[manageme ...for managers, as it helps them to gain insight into the different cultures of their employees.

...evaluate outcomes, and make informed decisions. DSS are used in a variety of areas, including finance, operations, [[marketing]], and human resources. T ...oblems, analyze data, and make informed decisions. Below are some examples of when decision support systems can be used:

...egrate the various categories of these plans for the effective functioning of the strategic [[management]] system. ==Scope of planning system==

...rganization]]'s objectives. Objectives should satisfy all the participants of the organization. ==Example of Objectives of the organization==

...[[process]] of developing a [[plan]] of [[action]] with a defined timeline of less than one year. It involves analyzing the present situation, setting [[ ...the present situation''': This involves understanding the current position of the [[organization]] and analyzing the current resources, [[capabilities]],

...ainties''' reflect unpredictable changes of [[environment]] and behaviours of people<ref>Mishra,P.K.(2011)</ref>. ...concepts are important for [[business activity]] because running your own business is directly related to taking and calculating risk and uncertainty<ref>Toma

The basic issue is a fact that governments are taking care of the commonly used economic activity<ref>Quirk P.J.,(2014)</ref>. ...should be in accordance with the correct practices and requirements of the business entity.

...of trust, collaboration and understanding. By correctly managing the flow of information, organizations can become more efficient, productive, and compe ==Example of flow of information==

...ny and its activities. It consists of the systematic creation and updating of plans, based on [[knowledge]] about the future, [[organizing]] activities i ...s scope is national or international. It should also contain a description of the [[organizational structure]] that is or will be in force in the [[enter

...izations [[need]] to have a comprehensive [[plan]] that outlines the goals of their public relations, the strategies to be used, and the tactics to be im ...lations''': Media relations involves developing relationships with members of the media, pitching stories to them, and responding to media inquiries. It

...ties, Threats. They are analytical categories filling in particular fields of the SWOT matrix <ref>E. Gürel, M. Tat,2017, pp.995 998</ref>. ==Specificity and types of opportunities==

...a [[method]] used to frame the [[project]] and develop it. The main steps of concept engineering are: * framing the project - definition of main and secondary results, limitations and assumptions, success criteria

...s]] of identifying, assessing, and developing the [[skills and abilities]] of employees to ensure that they reach their highest performance levels. ...ployees and management. Through this process, employers can identify areas of improvement and create opportunities for professional development. This can

The basic '''types of organisation''' are: ...cific to organization members connected with official procedures, division of labour, hierarchic [[system]] and [[communication]] methods. Features: offi

...of economic agents. In addition, economic networks also examine the impact of technological advances, such as the [[Internet]], on economic systems. ==Example of economic network==

...dge and [[information]] among colleagues. It can be done through a variety of methods, such as in-person meetings, online forums, and digital tools. By s ...e possibility of [[confidential information]] being leaked, and the chance of making bad decisions based on inaccurate information. Therefore, it is impo

...olves analyzing the external [[environment]] and internal [[capabilities]] of the company to identify the best international marketing opportunities, the ==Example of international marketing strategy==

...owledge]], and insight that information provides is crucial to the success of any [[organization]]. ==Example of information==

...managers can also use a combination of structures to benefits of each type of activity. ...ovative solution, which creates the conditions for a comprehensive solving of complex problems.

...nation of different structural elements of the [[company]] involved in the business expressed in financial, economic, organizational and technical indicators h ==Types of controlling Concepts==

...n a timely and cost-effective manner. The goal is to minimize the [[impact of risk]] on the project by either avoiding it, transferring it, mitigating it ==Example of risk of software development==

...development. It is a comprehensive framework that is used by organizations of all sizes, from small businesses to large corporations. ...tandard is assessed by an [[external auditor]] and is recognized as a mark of excellence.

...holders]]. This requires a thorough understanding of the problem and the [[environment]], as well as an ability to analyze different [[options]] and assess their ...essential for successful decision making. The following are some examples of when decision making should be used:

...w [[strategic solutions]]. All businesses have access to an extensive pool of knowledge, but the most important is the way the company uses this knowledg Knowledge in every area of economic processes is important because:

...rategy]] in place is key to achieving the desired [[goals and objectives]] of the [[organization]]. To ensure that strategies are implemented and monitor ...nding of the organization’s goals and objectives, a thorough [[knowledge]] of the organization’s resources and [[capabilities]], and a strategy for cap

...efined objectively and subjectively as the future, desired state or result of the [[organization]]'s operation, possible and foreseen to be achieved, wit ...ormulated in a way (maintaining a specific state) or functional (running a business).

...their functions cover commercial representation as well as the regulation of the [[employment]] relationship." (P. Lewis, A.Thornhill, M. Saunders, 2003 Employers association have given different business services, commercial [[information]], support and advices. It's also an [[e

...working together, small teams can achieve great results in a short period of time. ==Example of small team==

...ctive strategies, and allocate resources efficiently. Ultimately, the goal of creating value is to increase the bottom line and maximize returns for [[st ==Example of creation of value==

We can distinguish following forms of '''boundaries of the [[enterprise]]''': * limits to the integration of up-stream flows (upstream integration boundary) is tied up to decisions to

...competitive advantages through alliances and joint ventures. International business strategy is a dynamic [[process]], as it [[needs]] to be regularly reviewed ==Example of international business strategy==

The [[system]] of goals design include the following steps: * Formulation of objectives,

...n, vision, and [[core values]] and defines the ethical and moral standards of [[behaviour]] that all employees should follow. ...onsible manner and creates a shared understanding of the purpose and goals of the organisation. It also helps to improve [[efficiency]] and effectiveness

...[management]]. It is responsible for representing the collective interests of employees and is often consulted by management on issues that affect the [[ The works council is established to ensure that the interests of employees are protected and that they are given a voice in the workplace. T

...the transition to ensure it is successful and sustainable. It is a process of delivering a change to the [[organization]] and requires effective planning ==Example of implementation of change==

...yees are managed, and provide guidance to employees about what is expected of them. ==Example of human resources policies==

...ion]]. In a time when businesses are constantly evolving, having a culture of accountability is essential to staying competitive and achieving growth. ...and transparency. This will ensure everyone is on the same page and aware of expectations.

...objectives. It is especially effective when one party has a particular set of skills or resources that the other does not possess. ==Example of acting in concert==

==Types of planning according to the time the plan refers to== ...ars) - a [[plan]] of the future, thanks to which it is easier to set paths of conduct and future decisions regarding resources and priorities,

...t to achieving organizational objectives. It also includes the development of knowledge-based systems and practices to facilitate knowledge sharing and c ==Example of knowledge management strategy==

'''Tactical [[plan]]''' - series of scenarios and decisions for how companies’ strategic long-term objectives ==Definition and role of tactical planning==

...akeholders]], the development of a conceptual model, and an [[evaluation]] of the solutions. This approach is useful in addressing real-world problems wi ==Example of soft system methodology==

...t data from a remote location and then analyzing the data from the comfort of a central location, and it is revolutionizing the way businesses and organi ...of remote monitoring are numerous. Cost savings are one of the main draws of this technology, as it eliminates the [[need]] for costly physical presence

...y operates. '''Function''' on the other hand specifies concrete [[action]] of people in [[organization]], which is undertaken in order to achieve some fo ==Types of goals==

...rticipation of citizens and civil society organisations in the development of the economy. The main elements of the social economy can be summarised as follows:

...identifying and capturing knowledge, sharing knowledge, and driving usage of [[knowledge resources]]. ==Example of knowledge management processes==

...that are used to make decisions about the [[financial performance]] of the business. ...that they are properly recorded and accurately reflect the activity of the business.

...They also apply to conflicts between individual objectives and objectives of the whole [[company]]. ==Types of tactical problems==

...ing and rewarding innovative ideas. It also requires the right combination of resources and processes to ensure that ideas are generated, tested and impl ==Example of innovation in services==

...ese include both institutions of particular importance for the functioning of the state and its citizens, as well as organizations engaged in a [[market] ...e management of public organizations and business units there are a number of differences:

The '''[[matrix structure]]''' is a type of [[organizational structure]] in which the reporting relationships are set u ...t of contact between different departments. It also allows for the pooling of resources from different departments in order to ensure that a project is c

...major decisions. They are responsible for overseeing the management of the business and ensuring that the organization is well positioned to achieve its goals. ==Example of roles of the executives==

...egrates particular types of [[management]] strategies, fulfilling the role of the superior strategy. ==Types of strategy==

...e psyche at the time of purchase. Consumer behavior is a structured series of reactions to various stimuli. ==Types of consumer behavior==

...nderstand the difference between an employer and employee and the dynamics of the relationship. ...xible working environment, and regular feedback are all essential elements of a successful employer-employee relationship.

...e edge over rivals. It can also help to reduce the [[risk]] of duplication of products and services. ==Example of proprietary technology==

...in organization ([[system]]) or object. It is determined in a given period of time and due to the adopted basis for comparison. The changes can be divide ...employees, [[size of the organization]], rate of labor ratio as an example of organizational growth rate.

...instead are driven by a mission to create positive social change. Examples of social enterprises include non-[[profit]] organizations, co-operatives, hyb ...r disadvantaged people, advocating for social justice, or conserving the [[environment]]. The profits generated by these enterprises are reinvested back into thei

...a sequence of activities. Organizational (business) process is a sequence of activities which convert inputs into outputs. Interpretation: * sequence of activities - activities have to be performed in certain, non-random order.

...re dealing with difficult conditions to compete in a complex and dynamic [[environment]], on the other hand - the [[need]] for establishing permanent, mutually be ...es of the negotiations it is very important to take into account two types of issues:

...during this [[process]]. During the activity center process, various types of prototypes are used to combine variables, which often becomes weakness <ref ==Types of activity centers==

...n of funds depending on the changing market situation (conditions of the [[environment]] and [[competition]]) <ref> Alireza A., Mahdi D., Minoo A., Zahra A. p. 19 '''Importance of [[marketing]] [[strategy]]''' is very high in contemporary [[company]]. Goo

...or business. It is a systematic examination of the way an organization or business complies with its social and ethical responsibilities. Social audits are co ...fy areas for improvement. It also helps to ensure that the organization or business is meeting its social and ethical responsibilities.

'''Espoused values''' are "normative statements of desired outcomes or conditions that an [[organization]] believes ought to e ...they should be clearly connected with the unique character or the function of the organization (Barrett R. 2014, p. 156).

...] level. Companies can usually have accurate [[knowledge]] about the costs of their suppliers. Managers are able to parallel costs and [[employment]] [[e ...affect the industry because they increase demand or increase the diversity of products.

...n strategy''' consist of all projects of regrouping assets at the disposal of the [[enterprise]] to activities fundamentally different from in the past. ...savings, spreading the [[risk]], increased financial security, better use of resources, improved economic performance or survival on the [[market]].

...with employees, customers and [[stakeholders]], and for creating a culture of accountability and respect. It also encourages collaboration, [[innovation] ==Example of integrity==

...subsidiaries focused on operative [[management]] functions and activities of [[production]] or [[service]]. ...ten referred to as "parent" or "mother"), a substantial part of the assets of another company or companies (hereinafter referred to as "subsidiaries" or

'''End of [[Product]] Life (EOPL)''' it’s the point when a product is no longer man ...uct is still working. This is because the product may have reached the end of its useful life due to technological advancements or changes in customer [[

...algorithms to develop new ideas, strategies and approaches that can drive business growth and success. ==Example of innovation 4.0==

...types of risks that can have a positive or negative effect on the success of the [[project]]. ...sonnel or [[technology]]. It is important for project managers to be aware of potential threats and take [[action]] when necessary to minimize their impa

...ionships with employees within [[organization]]. As a result, the [[work]] of their subordinates is not only more efficient, but also more effective. ...elements, notably both oral and written communication skills, is a measure of the [[company]]'s future success <ref>McPheat S. (2012), ''[http://doctor-c

...hanges over time are a key part of how successful organizations stay ahead of the game. ==Example of changes over time==

...corporations are directed and controlled, and it emphasizes the importance of transparency and accountability in [[decision making]]. Corporate governanc ==Aspects of corporate governance theory==

...f a new [[product]] ([[planning]], purchase of [[technology]], acquisition of machinery and equipment, licences etc.) and gain new markets ([[market]] se ==Types of diversification strategies==

...e [[decision-maker]] with the data needed to determine the expected return of an investment or decision. ==Example of uncertainty and risk==

...constantly vigilant and proactive in order to ensure the success of their business. ==Example of small business management==

...business [[management]] that can help entrepreneurs develop and grow their business. ==Example of theory of entrepreneurship==

'''Strategy''' is a program of general activities aimed at exploiting the [[production]] potential and res ...neral program for the definition and implementation of the main activities of [[organization]],

.... He is also considered as an aid for methodical and informational support of management decisions. ==The role of the Controller==

...and legal barriers. Trade liberalization can be achieved through a variety of instruments, including unilateral trade liberalization, bilateral trade agr ==Example of trade liberalization==

..., its soul, which distinguishes it from other organizations, the usual way of thinking, feeling, and [[action]] shared, absorbed and assimilated by the e ...he [[objectives of the organization]] and their involvement in realization of these.

...ey to success in the implementation of the [[strategy]] is the unification of the [[organization]] around the developed [[strategy]]. After that, it is p Six key activities related to the implementation of the [[strategy]] are:

...een organizational levels is [[hierarchy]], there is no [[specialization]] of managers, usually [[formalization]] is low and [[centralization]] high. ...ype of structure tends to be more rigid and bureaucratic, with a clear set of rules and procedures to follow.

Simplified definition of the algorithm says that: An algorithm is a finite sequence of steps for turning input to the output<ref>[1] A. Jędryczkowski, Algorytmy,

...ose prices affect the demand for the products. By understanding the theory of consumption, organizations can better understand the demand for their produ ==Example of theory of consumption==

...ing now and what can happen. Sets the objectives and examines the progress of their implementation. ...iled timetable and costs of the resources necessary for the implementation of the [[plan]].

...erstand how each component of a system interacts with each other and the [[environment]] around them. ...rstand the complexities of a system, as well as the potential implications of changes.

...sions made by them and their behaviors are affecting supply and [[demand]] of products and services. Microeconomics draws attention to connections and in ==Study of microeconomics==

'''Planning''' is a [[process]] of setting aims and adequate actions in order to reach the aim. It means that ...agement]] process, involves the determination of the purpose and direction of the [[organization]]. Defines what to do, when and how this should be done

Depending on the [[organization]], we can distinguish the following variants of [[strategy]]: ===Strategy at the level of corporation===

...] accumulated over time. In [[management]], having knowledge of the latest business trends, [[competition]], and regulations is essential for making informed d ...a situation and develop effective strategies can help managers stay ahead of the game.

...omas International [[method]], which diagnoses 4 dimensions of individuals of [[work]] team: * Domination - specifies the business kind of man, achieving the objectives, even in adverse conditions. People with a hi

...nsidered. By tracking these metrics, a manager can gain insight into areas of improvement and capitalize on opportunities for growth. ...measure and track business results, managers can gain an accurate picture of their company’s performance and make informed decisions that will lead to

'''[[Process]] analysis''' is increasingly used in various types of organizations, both in enterprises and [[public administration]] units. It * in the orientation of new employees

...ontrol system is an important tool to improve the overall automation level of [[enterprise]] and provide significant economic benefits for enterprises. A * determining the operation sequence of a job,

...rs typically have a high degree of autonomy and [[work]] with a wide range of [[stakeholders]], both internal and external. ==Example of middle management level==

...]]. These decisions differ from each other in terms of the impact of the [[environment]] on [[company]]'s situation. ...is can help managers to better understand the potential risks and benefits of different [[options]], and make more informed decisions.

It’s imperative that we have a comprehensive understanding of the importance of [[planning]] in our organizations. Planning helps us set goals, develop str ...plans. Strategic plans are long-term plans that set the overall direction of an [[organization]] and provide guidance on how to achieve its goals. Opera

...st [[competition]] and modernization of equipment. There is two main types of this [[process]]: ...nd sales of the same [[product]] range. It mostly covers selected areas of business where there is a [[need]] to introduce changes immediately to stabilize a d

...they enable organizations to capitalize on the different [[capabilities]] of different countries and to improve their [[competitiveness]] in the global ==Example of global production networks==

...n [[management]]. It requires creation of specialized procedures and rules of operation but the tasks entrusted to the individual worker should be restri ==Types of specialization==

...or processes; the development of new technologies or methods; and the use of new materials or designs. ...ntelligence]]. These [[types of innovations]] are often driven by a vision of the future that is distinct from the present, and they should be able to so

...l, L. V., Cleveland, J. N., & Thornton, G. C., (2010)</ref>, it is the use of gender as well as on race/ethnicity, national origin and religion in [[empl ==Types of discrimination==

...nt]], inequality, and [[environmental]] degradation. The most common types of economic interventions are '''fiscal policy, monetary policy, and trade pol ...intervention and make informed decisions about the best approach for their business.

...k of understanding]] of the [[company]]'s vision, mission, and goals. Lack of awareness can lead to poor decision-making, inefficiency, and unnecessary c ==Example of lack of awareness==

...rkets. This approach offers a unique perspective and can be a great source of [[competitive advantage]]. ...r service that has a major impact on the market. Open innovation is a type of innovation that involves sharing ideas and resources with external partners

...ge but it can be also applied in other areas, like for example [[work]] or business. ...ogous unhealthy when the engagement of one side is lesser than involvement of the other side.

...n]] takes when investing in something with an uncertain outcome. This type of risk is typically present when an individual or organization takes a chance ...m other forms of [[investment]], but this also comes with a greater degree of risk.

...dit process typically includes data analysis, process reviews, and testing of key controls. ==Example of continuous audit==

...to improve the situation of the company. Management (as well as employees of the company) should actively seek opportunities that can be used to improve Types of opportunities can be divided depending on the nature of the [[environmental]] factor which is their source.

...e multinational with multiple locations. MSEs typically have a higher rate of growth than small businesses and often have global reach. ...a wide [[range of products]] and services and can benefit from [[economies of scale]]. They are able to develop new products faster and more efficiently

...ds and services by consumers, such as buying and using products. Each type of economic activity plays a role in the economy and contributes to overall ec ==Examples of Economic Activities==

...ich are the goals of the [[organization]]. Resources are essential for any business to be successful and must be allocated and managed effectively in order to ==Example of resources==

There are many benefits of using social media, including (J. I. Miletsky 2009, p. 78, 82): ...agers can widen their messages about products and services among all users of the [[Internet]].

...nication]] or a lack of alignment with [[organizational goals]]. This lack of understanding can lead to confusion, decreased productivity, and even [[wor ==Example of lack of understanding==

...and make decisions to maximize their profits. This requires close analysis of the market, including the competitors, customers, and [[industry]] trends, ==Example of market for product==

...ny]] can move from concept to market, taking into account all the elements of the [[product]] or [[service]] journey. In today's fast-paced world, those On the flip side, those that are unable to keep up with the speed of the market can miss out on potential opportunities and see a decrease in pr

...are built and maintained. It can also be used to assess the effectiveness of compensation structures and other incentives. ==Example of social exchange theory==

...eadership approach, combining both ethical and transformational approaches of leadership (Walumbwa, Wang, Wang, Schaubroeck, & Avolio, 2010) ...onal beliefs and feelings. This also includes reinforcing a fair working [[environment]]. (Walumbwa, Wang, Wang, Schaubroeck, & Avolio, 2010)

From an [[environmental]] point of view, the closed-loop recycling process is very much needed, albeit many co ==Advantages of closed-loop recycling==

'''Communication channels''' represent the multitude of ways through which a message can be transmitted from a sender to a receiver ==Type of communication channels==

...the project's success. The business case should include an [[evaluation]] of the benefits, costs, risks, and other factors that will influence the proje ==Example of business case development==

...ffect the supply chain and taking pro-active measures to reduce the impact of any potential risks. ==Example of supply chain risk==

...ustrial business [[management]] of labor resources as well as of the means of [[production]]. ...ution of the tasks. Interdepartmental planning systems are based on models of control.

...l to understand [[customer needs]] and wants, as well as their perceptions of a product or service in order to create a high CPV. ==Example of customer perceived value==