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• Walter A. Shewhart
  [[Image:Shewhart.gif|right|frame|Walter A. Shewhart]] ...ievement was inventing the [[control chart]], which was ''a formulation of a scientific basis for securing economic control''.
  8 KB (1,225 words) - 05:48, 18 November 2023
• A-B Trust
  '''A-[[B trust|B Trust]]''' is a way to avoid property taxes (if you have a fairly large building) for married couples. The AB Trust [[system]] allows ...erred to as marital trust (L. Rush Hunt, Lara Rae Hunt 2004, p. 48). Trust A must belong to the federal subtraction of marriage property tax (L. Rush Hu
  4 KB (749 words) - 17:05, 17 November 2023
• Starting a project
  '''Starting a [[project]]''' can be a daunting task but it is important to have an organized [[plan]] of attack. ==Example of Starting a project==
  5 KB (774 words) - 05:59, 18 November 2023
• Class a shares
  55 bytes (6 words) - 14:36, 18 February 2023
• Type a personality
  58 bytes (6 words) - 14:54, 18 February 2023
• Budget of a project
  The preparation of the budget because of its significance is a complex [[process]] and usually consists of several stages. ...the system is developed and how much decision-making levels must pass such a project, depends on the size of the company.
  4 KB (559 words) - 18:35, 17 November 2023
• Economic profile of a sector
  ...ment]], which determines the conditions for all firms in the sector. It is a [[method]] of assessing the reality in which the [[company]] operates. * The rate of growth of the market as a percentage of annual sales volume changes,
  3 KB (390 words) - 21:37, 17 November 2023
• Ability to work in a team
  ...ob. It involves the ability to work collaboratively with others to achieve a common goal. This includes the [[ability to communicate]] effectively, dele .... In the first place among these competences is the ability to [[work]] in a team.
  14 KB (2,204 words) - 17:07, 17 November 2023

Page text matches

• Main Page
  ...related to [[management]], business, and [[economics]]. The website offers a wealth of [[knowledge]] and resources that can be used by students, manager ...tures articles, case studies, and other resources that can help users gain a better understanding of different aspects of management and business. These
  3 KB (434 words) - 07:50, 18 November 2023
• Quality
  ...[[evaluation]] (good ~, bad ~, high ~, low ~). Today we define quality as a group of [[product]] characteristics (features) that guarantee fulfilment o D.A. Garvin in his paper<ref>Garvin D.A.: What does [[product quality]] really mean, Sloan [[Management]] Review, 1
  12 KB (1,806 words) - 04:13, 18 November 2023
• Slawomir Wawak
  Sławomir Wawak is a management consultant since 2001. He cooperates with [[consulting]] firms l ...sponsor]]}} &mdash; {{i5link|a=[[Innovative research]]}} &mdash; {{i5link|a=[[Project support office]]}} }}
  2 KB (330 words) - 05:38, 18 November 2023
• Kaoru Ishikawa
  A [[quality circle]] is a group of workers that meet regularly in order to analyse and solve [[work]] [[Fish diagram]] is a cause and effect diagram, which shows causes of specific event (problem). T
  8 KB (1,112 words) - 22:19, 17 November 2023
• Genichi Taguchi
  ...titutes. In 50-ties he worked in Indian Statistics Institute with [[Walter A. Shewhart]]. Design of experiments is the [[method]] of designing tasks in a way that allows find explanations of variation. Origins of systematic trial
  9 KB (1,327 words) - 22:57, 17 November 2023
• Knowledge management
  ...ng, tagging), [[organizing]], using and development of knowledge assets of a given [[organization]]. The goal of Knowledge Management is to give access ...en knowledge developed by an organization is not used or is forgotten, and a problem is solved once more, absorbing time ([[project]] takes longer than
  3 KB (419 words) - 00:33, 18 November 2023
• Business Intelligence
  Business Intelligence systems are used primarily as a support in [[management]] of two groups of problems. ...re: decision on entering a new [[market]] or development of a prototype of a new, ground-breaking [[service]] or [[product]].
  3 KB (398 words) - 18:39, 17 November 2023
• Options
  ...wner the right * not an obligation * to buy or sell an underlying asset at a specified [[price]] (strike/ exercise price) at some point in the future. W And the buyer/holder - the party that holds option. The buyer pays a writer (or the seller) the premium, which is kept by the writer whether the
  8 KB (1,332 words) - 02:40, 18 November 2023
• Futures
  ...instrument]] at a price established now, but payment and delivery occur at a specified future date. The commodities can be: gold, oil, cattle, frozen or ...They usually constitute small percentage of the value of underlying asset. A typical margin can be anywhere from 10 to 20 percent of the price of the co
  7 KB (1,035 words) - 22:53, 17 November 2023
• Interest rate swaps
  '''[[Interest]] rate swap''' is a type of derivative, so its value depends on underlying assets, for example, ...period of time. Usually, interest rate swaps exchange a fixed payment for a floating payment - often linked to an interest rate (ex.LIBOR).
  3 KB (552 words) - 00:07, 18 November 2023
• Bonds
  ...al instruments which are issued to raise capital. In other words, they are a loan made by investors to corporations, local or state governments. As ment There is a large variety of bonds, the most common one are:
  3 KB (472 words) - 18:25, 17 November 2023
• Project steering committee
  The '''[[project]] [[steering committee]]''' is a body supporting the [[management]] of the [[project]] in its activity durin The steering committee may designate to project manager a certain margin of financial discretion, so that spending small amount of [[
  9 KB (1,291 words) - 04:00, 18 November 2023
• Monetary union
  ...and economic policies, common authority which acts like a central bank and a common [[money]]. The Economic and [[Monetary Union]] (EMU) established in 1992 as a result of Maastricht Treaty is the best known example of [[Monetary Union|m
  3 KB (439 words) - 01:57, 18 November 2023
• Negotiation
  ...d offers in order to achieve common objectives that satisfies both side of a [[process]]. ...ation''' - Also known as win-lose or "fixed-pie" type of negotiation where a final result is often an agreement that is not equally satisfactory to both
  8 KB (1,192 words) - 02:12, 18 November 2023
• Six sigma
  ...d]] of [[production]] [[system]] improvement performed in order to achieve a [[product]] of perfect [[quality]]. The method base on [[statistical proces ...If you measure the thickness and draw a histogram you'll probably end with a bell curve. The most of slices will have thickness about the mean, and the
  11 KB (1,612 words) - 05:36, 18 November 2023
• Arthur Cecil Pigou
  ...e. He was a student of [[Alfred Marshall]] and in 1908 he succeeded him as a professor of political [[economics]] at University of Cambridge. He stayed ...become one of the bases of an analysis on [[government]] intervention with a relation to externality. In ''The Theory of [[Unemployment]]'' (1933) he ex
  4 KB (576 words) - 17:48, 17 November 2023
• Alban William Phillips
  ...e Rehunga, New Zealand, died 4 March 1975 in Auckland, New Zealand. He was a British [[economist]], adherent to Keynesian Theory. He is most well known ...ut soon switched his course to [[economics]] and within 11 years he became a professor of economics at the statistics department in LSE. 9 years later,
  7 KB (1,139 words) - 17:35, 17 November 2023
• Common consolidated corporate tax base
  ...ivide the aggregated tax base to particular member countries, according to a specific key. The key has to be agreed between member countries firstly. On ...oposes that member countries harmonize their corporate income tax rates to a uniform rate. This would help to reduce tax avoidance and evasion, as compa
  6 KB (949 words) - 19:30, 17 November 2023
• Tax principles by Adam Smith
  ...te budget the same percentage of income by every taxpayer - what is called a flat tax nowadays (this view was supported by Adam Smith) or diversifying t ...]] An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations, provide a sound basis for taxation that is fair, efficient, and promotes economic gro
  7 KB (1,104 words) - 04:45, 18 November 2023
• Bancassurance
  ...ch the insurance products are being sold by a bank, by the same channel as a traditional bank's products. ...urance can have many positive effects on the bank. First of all, it can be a new and very successful source of the capital. Then, the [[risk]] of sellin
  7 KB (1,026 words) - 18:04, 17 November 2023
• Hedge fund
  ...to keep 20% of all investment gains. In the theory hedge funds should have a positive return when the [[market]] is up, down or even sideways. ...While mutual funds are designed to have stable investment [[strategy]] in a given class, hedge funds are much more flexible. Manager of hedge funds hav
  2 KB (376 words) - 21:02, 17 November 2023
• Meaning of synergy
  '''Synergy in business''' means a specific type of relation between factors, which results that final effect ...nt accounting. Synergies can be divided into those that can be achieved in a short time (e.g., by use of the basic management techniques, access to cash
  9 KB (1,349 words) - 23:35, 17 November 2023
• Sponsorship marketing
  ...sorship marketing''' is one of the fastest growing [[forms of promotion]]; a tool promoting products, companies or brands within the sponsored unit. It is a contract where a sponsor provides the sponsored unit with resources needed to achieve its go
  3 KB (491 words) - 05:54, 18 November 2023
• Jean Baptiste Say
  ...litteraire et politique". After fulfilling various public functions he was a lecturer in [[economics]], in particular in Conservatoire des Arts et Metie ...ur. However, what distinguished him from the classical English school, was a more optimistic vision of capital economy.
  3 KB (472 words) - 00:23, 18 November 2023
• John Maynard Keynes
  ...to the Royal Commission on Indian Currency and Finance. In 1908 he became a lecturer at Cambridge University. Throughout all his life Keynes was seriou ...University of Cambridge, where Keynes worked as a lecturer, was a place of a serious theoretical reflexion.
  2 KB (362 words) - 00:27, 18 November 2023
• Milton Friedman
  '''Milton Friedman''' was born in Brooklyn on 31 July 1912. Being a leader of the Chicago School of [[Economics]], in the years 1965-1990 he ga ...rcent rule," which recommends that the money supply should be increased at a steady rate, regardless of the state of the economy.
  4 KB (589 words) - 01:51, 18 November 2023
• Alfred Marshall
  ...His [[work]] entitled "Principles of [[Economics]]" published in 1890, had a big influence on his generation. Even now the introduction to [[economics]] ...period. The [[market]] period is the amount of time for which the stock of a commodity is fixed. The short period is the time in which the supply can be
  7 KB (1,043 words) - 17:35, 17 November 2023
• John Stuart Mill
  ...estricted to the role of "state-policeman", it should fulfill some role at a point when the [[competition]] mechanisms seem to be insufficient to achiev John Stuart Mill was a highly influential thinker and writer during the 19th century. He made sign
  4 KB (587 words) - 00:27, 18 November 2023
• Mergers and acquisitions
  ...itions]] (abbr. M&A) are the financial transactions which aim is to create a [[company]] with the assets value increasing the total value of assets of t ...ished itself as the new owner, the purchase is called an acquisition. From a legal point of view, the target company ceases to exist, the buyer "swallow
  3 KB (385 words) - 01:47, 18 November 2023
• Friendly takeover
  In a private company, because the shareholders and the board are usually the sam # *In 2011, pharmaceutical giant Pfizer acquired rival drugmaker Wyeth in a friendly takeover valued at $68 billion. The deal was approved by Wyeth’s
  7 KB (963 words) - 22:47, 17 November 2023
• Hostile takeover
  ...the assets by using the stock-exchange. However, according to the law when a certain threshold of owning the company assets is exceeded then acquiring c Threats of a hostile takeover include the following:
  3 KB (451 words) - 21:11, 17 November 2023
• Warrant
  ...[[firm]]'s common stock directly from a firm at a specified [[price]] for a given period of time. Warrant is characterized by the number of shares of s ...iduals while warrants are issued by firms and when a warrant is exercised, a firm must issue new shares of stock, what causes the increase in number of
  3 KB (406 words) - 07:47, 18 November 2023
• Poka yoke
  ...ty for error (human mistake) either by making it more difficult to produce a defected product during [[production]] process or by making mistake so obvi .... the element won't leave the workplace if photocell didn't noticed taking a screw from bin.
  8 KB (1,191 words) - 03:15, 18 November 2023
• Technical analysis
  '''Technical analysis''' is a popular technique used by investors in order to predict future prices of fi ...s]]}} &mdash; {{i5link|a=[[Chande Momentum Oscillator]]}} &mdash; {{i5link|a=[[Forecasting]]}} }}
  4 KB (539 words) - 06:43, 18 November 2023
• Fundamental analysis
  ...earnings of the firm, growth plans of the firm, [[economic situation]] of a country or particular [[industry]], etc.) in order to maintain perspective ...ined by dividing net [[profit]] by total sales, the result is presented as a percentage. In order to calculate net margin, analyst should use net [[prof
  4 KB (533 words) - 22:52, 17 November 2023
• Belbin team role inventory
  ...hat person. The outcome of that personal skill investigation is a profile, a team role, that shows which of the 9 [[team roles]] is currently the strong Each Team Role brings an important contribution to a team, and each is associated with particular strengths and typical weakness
  11 KB (1,690 words) - 18:14, 17 November 2023
• Project cost management
  * cost [[budget of a project|budgeting]], ...ed on approximate [[market]] value). It is necessary to create [[budget of a project]].
  11 KB (1,548 words) - 03:53, 18 November 2023
• BCG growth-share matrix
  ...divided into two segments: more and less than 10 percent growth per year. A [[market growth]] above 10 percent is considered high Therefore, this varia ...y the share of its biggest [[competitor]]. Relative market share serves as a measure of the [[company]]'s strength in the relevant market segment.
  12 KB (1,797 words) - 18:02, 17 November 2023
• Marketing mix
  ...hat is offered in a market to satisfy a specific [[need]] of [[customer]]. A product may be physical but also may have immaterial form (e-book, mp3 tune ...sidered separately from the element of product. The key objective of using a price is obviously to generate and maximize [[company]] revenues.
  9 KB (1,274 words) - 01:35, 18 November 2023
• Product life cycle
  * ''Introduction'': A period of slow sales growth as the product is introduced in the market. Pro * ''Growth'': A period of rapid market acceptance and substantial [[profit]] improvement.
  10 KB (1,565 words) - 01:40, 18 November 2023
• Project
  ...oject''' is an one-time effort limited by time (it has a starting date and a fixed end date), characterized by specific goals and conditions, with defin Project [[Management]] Institute (PMI) defines a Project as:
  10 KB (1,402 words) - 03:52, 18 November 2023
• Downsizing
  ...h the staff reduction means lowering costs of an [[enterprise]] as well as a scale of its [[action]]. This type of reorganization has recently taken pla ...literature downsizing means reducing the number of people who [[work]] in a [[company]]. In practice downsizing may refer to such areas as: [[organizat
  8 KB (1,106 words) - 19:13, 17 November 2023
• Fixed cost
  ...f the amount of [[business activity]] in a given period but are subject to a change in longer time frame (e.g. due to macroeconomic changes, [[investmen Fixed costs are an inherent part of expenses for a number of businesses, especially in the field of services, including restau
  7 KB (1,119 words) - 20:19, 17 November 2023
• Special economic zone
  ...o attract foreign [[investment]] and promote economic growth. The goals of a SEZ can vary depending on the specific policies and regulations established * Attracting foreign investment: One of the main goals of a SEZ is to attract foreign companies to invest in the zone, through the prov
  3 KB (486 words) - 05:51, 18 November 2023
• Barings bank collapse
  ...ed merchant banks in the United Kingdom, until its collapse in 1995 due to a loss of over £800 million. ...on the emerging markets. Its brokerage, Barings Securities Limited, played a crucial role in Asia and Latin America.
  7 KB (1,092 words) - 15:41, 17 November 2023
• Credit rating agency
  ...d with [[investment]] in its issued securities. A credit rating aggregates a number of scores from risk [[evaluation]] of given economic, social and [[P ...bjectivity. The fact that the data is analysed on an ongoing basis is also a considerable advantage of credit reports.
  3 KB (442 words) - 20:24, 17 November 2023
• Informal economy
  ...result is an increase in costs and often a bankruptcy of the employer and a subsequent increase in [[unemployment]]. ...re not limited to: moon-shining, manufacture and sale of narcotics etc. As a rule illegal market activities are highly profitable.
  3 KB (447 words) - 23:50, 17 November 2023
• Business angel
  '''Business angel''' is a private investor, usually former [[entrepreneur]], who is investing his own ...ally. The informal nature of the relationship between a business angel and a financed company can result in varying [[investment]] periods and condition
  4 KB (595 words) - 18:39, 17 November 2023
• Securitization
  ...curitization of assets''' is a [[process]] through which an issuer creates a [[financial instrument]] by transforming an illiquid asset such as receivab Securitization is a common form of [[financing]] an operational business especially among banks
  2 KB (369 words) - 05:17, 18 November 2023
• Operating system
  ...can execute other applications (e.g. [[Management information system]]) in a comfortable and efficient manner. ** there is a noticeable delay after a task has been fed in and executed
  3 KB (494 words) - 00:31, 18 November 2023
• Federal reserve system
  ...l Reserve Banks expand and contract the monetary supply, provide credit as a lender of last resort, clear checks during times of insolvency. While natio The [[Board]] of Governors, consisting of 7 member called for a 14-year term, is the governing body of the FED count rate in addition to in
  3 KB (387 words) - 20:10, 17 November 2023
• Deming wheel
  '''Deming wheel''' is also known as '''PDCA cycle'''. It is a basic tool that helps to [[continuous improvement|continuously improve]] th ...ult in effective [[action]], and must move on again to careful planning in a continuous cycle.
  10 KB (1,578 words) - 20:56, 17 November 2023
• Muda mura muri
  ...he waste created by actions that don't add value to the customer. There is a list of 7 wastes in production and another list for services. ...hole enterprise can require sub-optimization of its parts. It shouldn't be a surprise.
  9 KB (1,339 words) - 02:03, 18 November 2023
• Kaizen
  ...h new, yet unknown. Sometimes investment is necessary, but it shouldn't be a first solution to choose. The Kaizen means: ...for uncovering improvement opportunities and making small changes. This is a low [[cost]] approach, that uses simple [[quality control]] tools: Pareto,
  11 KB (1,654 words) - 00:29, 18 November 2023
• 5S method
  ...in connection with [[Kaizen]], [[Lean manufacturing]]. However, 5S can be a stand-alone program. The 5S stand for the five first letters of the Japanes ...Seiso, Seiketsu. Later, a fifth rule was added - Shitsuke (discipline) (T. A. Fabrizio, D. Tapping 2006, p. 2). As the popularity of 5S [[System]] has g
  12 KB (1,812 words) - 17:03, 17 November 2023
• Vilfredo Pareto
  ...called ''"Pareto Optimum"'', which explains allocation of the resources of a society.'' ...title of engineer, he was employed by a large ironworks and also worked as a director of an Italian railway. In later years Vilfredo studied Walras's wo
  3 KB (433 words) - 07:43, 18 November 2023
• Ecology
  ...th years the "social ecology" was started, including natural population as a whole in studies. ...pollution, deforestation, and climate change. Additionally, ecology plays a crucial role in conservation efforts by providing the knowledge needed to p
  3 KB (415 words) - 21:34, 17 November 2023
• Apartheid
  ...as legally introduced as a state policy. Apartheid collapsed in 1994 after a long time of struggles of the opposition with Nelson Mandela at the vanguar ...[workplace]], disable whites received annually more than disable blacks in a lump sum payment. Apart of the huge earning gap, which for example in 1969
  3 KB (481 words) - 17:43, 17 November 2023
• Redenomination
  ...The money reform usually lowers denomination of existing currency which is a result of high [[inflation]] which result in emission notes about high deno ...e stabilization of currency, liquidation of excessive quantity of money as a result of high inflation,
  4 KB (563 words) - 04:34, 18 November 2023
• Tax evasion
  ...claiming false deductions, or using other illegal methods. Tax evasion is a criminal offense and can result in fines, penalties, and even imprisonment. ...s an illegal practice opposing a tax law. Its is defined as a crime and as a result it is punishable in accordance with the law of the given country. Ta
  4 KB (562 words) - 06:40, 18 November 2023
• Strategic hrm
  '''Strategic HRM''' is a part of Human [[resource]] [[management]] (HRM), concept which discusses th '''SHRM''' takes a long-term perspective and it is concerned with issues such as [[corporate c
  4 KB (613 words) - 06:11, 18 November 2023
• Information security management system
  * monitoring of the system with the aid of internal audits and a management review. * a description of the scope of the standard,
  11 KB (1,483 words) - 23:54, 17 November 2023
• Information security in local government
  ...by the head of the office. In the event whereby errors have been found in a decision it is the office that is held responsible, not the civil servant w ...ry obligation]]}} &mdash; {{i5link|a=[[Adverse Action]]}} &mdash; {{i5link|a=[[Accreditation]]}} }}
  3 KB (494 words) - 23:53, 17 November 2023
• Implementation of information security management system
  * preparation of a statement of applicability, * development of a risk treatment [[plan]],
  13 KB (1,913 words) - 23:33, 17 November 2023
• Primary market
  '''Primary [[market]]''' is a subset of '''financial market''', where surplus funds are invested in new c .... The players in this market can be both corporations and individuals with a surplus of funds, who are interested in the purchase of issued securities.
  9 KB (1,408 words) - 03:28, 18 November 2023
• William Edwards Deming
  ...gher [[quality]] can mean lower costs. When he returned to USA, he founded a [[consulting]] [[company]]. ...as a highly influential statistician and business consultant who developed a [[system]] of Total Quality Management. He developed the "Deming Cycle," wh
  7 KB (974 words) - 07:51, 18 November 2023
• Joseph M. Juran
  ...an independent consultant and lecturer. In 1954 he was invited to deliver a series of lectures for Japanese engineers. They proved to be very successfu Joseph M. Juran was a prominent business [[management]] theorist, who is best known for his contr
  8 KB (1,242 words) - 00:28, 18 November 2023
• Tax haven
  '''Tax haven''' or fiscal paradise are terms used to refer to a jurisdiction which enables its foreign residents or companies to reduce the ...iversal tax haven is a country's offer to entrepreneurs and investors with a wide range of financial and tax benefits. Such havens include colonial terr
  3 KB (416 words) - 06:40, 18 November 2023
• Venture capital
  '''Venture capital (VC)''' is a modern type of raising funds for the inwestments and projects. Venture capi ...ertise, connections, and mentorship to the table, which can be helpful for a [[startup]] trying to navigate the early stages of business.
  3 KB (514 words) - 07:41, 18 November 2023
• Business cycle
  ...d shock]]}} &mdash; {{i5link|a=[[Over-valued currency]]}} &mdash; {{i5link|a=[[David Ricardo]]}} }} * Schumpeter, J. A. (1934). ''[https://cambridgeforecast.wordpress.com/2007/12/page/7/ The the
  3 KB (400 words) - 18:41, 17 November 2023
• Monopoly
  ...a patent, copyright or [[exclusive right to sell]] a given [[product]] in a given [[market]]. ...rmined in relation to the size of the existing [[demand]].. In the case of a [[pure monopoly]], product has no substitutes, which means that elasticity
  8 KB (1,172 words) - 01:59, 18 November 2023
• Individualism
  '''Individualism''' is a [[national culture]] attribute describing the degree to which people prefer ...ce been updated, the original data are from 30 years ago and were based on a single [[company]] (IBM). Second, few researchers have read the details of
  3 KB (433 words) - 23:47, 17 November 2023
• Organizational behavior
  * A man only increases effort because of influence of economic incentives (posi * Man acts as a machine (of particular strength, speed, endurance)
  9 KB (1,196 words) - 02:42, 18 November 2023
• Uncertainty avoidance
  ...ar cultural dimension. This measure reflect extent to which the members of a culture feel threatened by ambiguous or unknown situations and have beliefs ...ce been updated, the original data are from 30 years ago and were based on a single [[company]] (IBM). Second, few researchers have read the details of
  8 KB (1,146 words) - 07:24, 18 November 2023
• Laissez faire government
  '''Laissez-faire government''' is a doctrine stating that a [[government]] should not directly interfere with economic affairs but rath ...alth care, which the private enterprises would not be able to. At present, a doctrine which is close to the discussed one is the economic liberalism, wh
  7 KB (1,103 words) - 00:39, 18 November 2023
• Power distance
  ...at power in institutions and organizations is distributed unequally. It is a range of expectations and acquiescence on the unequal distribution of power ...lass or caste [[system]] that discourages upward mobility of its citizens. A low-power-distance ranking indicates the culture discourages differences be
  8 KB (1,261 words) - 01:16, 18 November 2023
• Interbank market
  ...e the possibility of lending to each other their liquid assets. It is also a closed market as the transactions in financial instruments can be carried o ...eceipt or grant of one bank to another of a specified amount of cash, with a pre-determined date and [[interest]] rate. There are two kinds of interbank
  8 KB (1,268 words) - 00:06, 18 November 2023
• ISO 17025
  ...ally has increased the [[need]] to ensure that laboratories can operate to a [[quality]] management [[system]] that is seen as compliant with ISO 9001 a ...s specifying the technical requirements for [[technical competence]]. When a laboratory does not undertake one or more of the activities covered by ISO/
  8 KB (1,081 words) - 23:29, 17 November 2023
• Organizational culture and project management
  ...rojects]] (it uses common [[knowledge]] of methods and techniques), but to a large extent is influenced by the impact of organizational culture of [[com ...g a [[competitive advantage]] requires competences and skills to implement a long-term strategy of [[continuous improvement]]. They can take many forms.
  16 KB (2,232 words) - 02:44, 18 November 2023
• International Monetary Fund
  The '''International Monetary Fund '''is a nearly global economic [[organization]]. It's goals, as it claims, are fost ...free float]], pegging to another currency or basket of currencies, forming a [[Monetary Union|monetary union]], etc.), except pegging them to gold. Afte
  7 KB (1,070 words) - 00:11, 18 November 2023
• WACC
  ...ces - stocks, [[bonds]] and any other [[long-term debt]] - are included in a WACC calculation. ...r it finances. A firm's WACC is the overall required return on the firm as a whole and, as such, it is often used internally by company directors to det
  7 KB (1,174 words) - 07:47, 18 November 2023
• Shareholder value added
  ...alue Added''' (SVA) is a value based [[management]] performance measure of a [[company]]'s worth to shareholders compared to the weighted average [[cost ...duce the operating [[profit]]. Value creation is virtually guaranteed when a company's return on capital exceeds its cost of capital. In sharp contrast,
  9 KB (1,397 words) - 05:28, 18 November 2023
• Spin-out
  ...spin-off in the same context. But spin-off happens when a company creates a new company from one of the existing departments, subsidiaries, or subunits In contrast to the [[spin-off]], spin-out companies do not have a soft cushion in the parent company and are responsible for their finances,
  3 KB (376 words) - 05:54, 18 November 2023
• Corporate sponsor
  Companies which want to be a sponsor might choose one of above mentioned type. ...an social fund]]}} &mdash; {{i5link|a=[[Company image]]}} &mdash; {{i5link|a=[[Types of stakeholders]]}} }}
  3 KB (453 words) - 20:08, 17 November 2023
• Claude E. Shannon
  ...Laboratories in 1942. When he working at Bell Laboratories, he formulated a theory explaining the [[communication]] of information and worked on the pr ...eiving a master's degree and a doctorate. Shannon wrote a Master's thesis "A Symbolic Analysis of Relay and Switching Circuits"on the use of Boole's alg
  10 KB (1,451 words) - 19:19, 17 November 2023
• World Bank
  ...onal Centre for the Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) are known as a The World Bank Group. The Bank was established in 1944 during the Bretton W ...f the world is represented by 19 Directors. President of the World Bank is a chairman of [[Board of directors|Board of Directors]]. President is traditi
  3 KB (410 words) - 05:57, 18 November 2023
• Certificate of origin
  ...customs house]] in some countries. It confirms that goods were produced in a country from which they were delivered. This document is obligatory in some ...or a long time can get this document. This [[information]] can be found on a certificate.
  4 KB (583 words) - 16:46, 17 November 2023
• Protectionist policy
  ...t used to state help. The question which sectors will be protected is also a big problem. ...&mdash; {{i5link|a=[[New international economic order]]}} &mdash; {{i5link|a=[[Reflation]]}} }}
  3 KB (419 words) - 02:04, 18 November 2023
• Money emission
  ...ble to regulate the obligations (debts), can't be questioned, but there is a limiting sum, above which it is possible to refuse to regulate charges in c ..., they gained the possibility of an enlargement of the quantity of cash in a way similar to the purchase of ores. Above of all, this possibility influen
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• Austrian business cycle theory
  The theory assumes that [[business cycle]]s develop as a result of [[bank credit]] expansion, which is not accompanied by an increas ...milar increase of savings, since at any given moment in time there is only a limited supply of [[money]] on the market. Higher savings rate causes marke
  10 KB (1,565 words) - 17:56, 17 November 2023
• Tax preference theory
  ...to sell the stock. Because of time value effects, tax paid immediately has a higher effective capital [[cost]] than the same tax paid in the future. ...cent of capital gains were taxed. At a taxation rate of 50%, this gives us a 50% tax rate on dividends and (0,4)(0,5) = 20% on long-term capital gains.
  9 KB (1,303 words) - 04:45, 18 November 2023
• Dividend irrelevance theory
  ...gliani] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merton_Miller Merton Miller] in a famous seminal paper in 1961. The authors claimed that neither the [[price] * A company declares a dividend of $1 per share for the next quarter. According to the Dividend Ir
  7 KB (1,093 words) - 19:10, 17 November 2023
• Bird-in-the-hand theory
  ...his theory was developed by Myron Gordon (1963) and John Lintner (1964) as a response to Modigliani and Miller's [[dividend irrelevance theory]]. Gordon and Lintner claimed that Modigliani and Miller made a mistake assuming lack of impact of dividend policy on [[firm]]'s [[cost]] o
  8 KB (1,270 words) - 18:22, 17 November 2023
• Global demand
  ...income (or in other word - at given prices) in given period. In literature a shortcut - AD (aggregate demand) is used very often. Net export is a separate category (NX - Net eXport) and represents difference between natio
  9 KB (1,423 words) - 22:58, 17 November 2023
• Austrian theory of money
  When analysing supply and [[demand]] for money, Mises uses a concept proposed by Philip Wicksteed: supply of money is the total stock of ...ay of quantities of all other goods and services that can be exchanged for a given amount of money.
  10 KB (1,640 words) - 17:56, 17 November 2023
• Washington consensus
  ...ransformation to the [[market]] - based economy. The document consisted of a set of instructions, policy guidelines and recommendations which should be * '''Privatization''' - emphasis of a superiority of the private sector above state - ownership
  3 KB (341 words) - 07:48, 18 November 2023
• Jidoka
  ...t Jidoka implementation was made by Sakichi Toyoda in 1902. He constructed a utility that stopped the loom when the thread was broken. It is regarded as ...ne or some part of it (depending on used [[technology]]). Usually there is a time limit set by top [[management]], in which the problem must be solved.
  8 KB (1,157 words) - 00:23, 18 November 2023
• Andon
  '''Andon''' is a visual [[system]] that notifies managers and workers of a problem with [[production]] [[process]]. It can be in form of large [[board ...rested people. The large board with signal lights was usually installed in a place visible for everyone on the production floor. When the computer and i
  7 KB (1,083 words) - 15:15, 17 November 2023
• Heijunka
  ...ds to imbalance of the [[process]]. Thus the fluctuation in performance is a cause of waste. The [[organization]] has to keep additional capacity, inven Let's assume the [[enterprise]] manufactures five [[types of products]]: A, B, C, D, E. Whole [[Lean manufacturing]] [[system]] is implemented, includ
  9 KB (1,289 words) - 23:17, 17 November 2023
• Genchi genbutsu
  ...rience and observation of new engineers. However, this story might be only a part of Toyota legend. ...m time to time detach from their usual [[work]] and see whole process from a distance. Together with leaders they can discuss their observations and fin
  7 KB (1,087 words) - 20:41, 17 November 2023
• Total quality control
  '''Total [[Quality]] Control (TQC)''' is a [[system]] developed by [[Armand Feigenbaum]] to integrate the efforts of d ...quality management on a company-wide scale. Concern for quality should be a priority at all levels of the company's activity <ref>Neyestani 2017, pp.3-
  12 KB (1,756 words) - 07:01, 18 November 2023
• Continuous improvement
  '''Continuous improvement''' (also: continual improvement) is a [[process]] of constant searching for improvement of all aspects of [[organ ...y continually improving its processes and products, a [[company]] can gain a competitive edge over its competitors.
  11 KB (1,555 words) - 19:57, 17 November 2023
• Armand Feigenbaum
  .... He graduated from Union College, the with title of bachelor and then got a master's degree from MIT Sloan School of [[Management]]. From 1958-1968 he ...of [[quality control]], making the fragmented and limited [[knowledge]] of a coherent system of principles, practices and technologies, known as Total Q
  9 KB (1,268 words) - 17:47, 17 November 2023
• Philip B. Crosby
  ...ladder. He worked for Crosley, Martin-Marietta and ITT. In 1979 he created a [[consulting]] [[firm]] that dealt with the popularization of preventive ap Crosby is the author of process cost model - a model of [[quality cost]]s accounting - which enables enterprises to detect
  10 KB (1,504 words) - 03:10, 18 November 2023
• General cargo
  ...collected and combined by the [[freight]] [[forwarder]], and then sent as a one bigger load to individual [[customer]]s. * [[bill of lading]] is issued for a collective load of the vehicle.
  5 KB (726 words) - 22:56, 17 November 2023
• Crowding out effect
  ...n tax revenues. By spending more than it earns the government is left with a budget deficit that [[needs]] to be made up by either raising taxes or borr In crowding out private investors, economic productivity tends to take a rather immediate downturn as government spending is rarely aimed at constru
  8 KB (1,170 words) - 20:29, 17 November 2023
• TOWS analysis
  ...rategy]] formulation. He also notes, that "...many writers ...suggest that a [[firm]] uses its strengths to take advantage of opportunities, but they ig It is based on a simple [[classification]] scheme: all of the factors influencing the curren
  15 KB (2,133 words) - 04:38, 18 November 2023
• Compromise
  According to common notions compromise is a form of agreement between at least two parties, based on mutual concessions ...pointed out that it is one of the two basic forms of ending the conflict. A compromise has to deal
  11 KB (1,705 words) - 19:41, 17 November 2023
• Marginal revenue
  ...the total revenue depending upon the evolution of the [[demand]] curve for a [[company]]'s [[product]]. ...inal [[cost]] are used to calculate the production volume that would allow a company to maximize its profits. When the marginal revenue exceeds the marg
  6 KB (1,005 words) - 23:19, 17 November 2023
• Value added tax
  ...x]], (VAT)''' - is a form of consumption tax. In the European Union VAT is a general, broadly based consumption tax assessed on the value added to goods * a general tax that applies, in principle, to all commercial activities involv
  4 KB (703 words) - 07:35, 18 November 2023
• Lean development
  ...ip strategy|minimum costs]], the lean development's objective is to create a product/software that will fulfil requirements of users. ...s, the idea of [[7 wastes of lean]] and [[7 wastes of services]] are used. A toolkit consists of [[lean manufacturing|lean manufacturing tools]] extende
  11 KB (1,478 words) - 00:43, 18 November 2023
• BIMBO
  ...' is the combination of a management buy-out and a buy-in (Watson D., Head A. 2007). Management Buy-Out involves acquisition of an equity stakes in an e In the case of BIMBO a company is acquired by existing management joined by new, key directors or
  6 KB (877 words) - 18:02, 17 November 2023
• Quality objectives
  ...rmulated objectives that makes the [[company]] the [[market]] behaves like a ship adrift, who can not get to any port. The [[objectives of the organizat * Provide guidance for employees and give their [[work]] a single direction,
  3 KB (409 words) - 02:19, 18 November 2023
• Information
  ...on making]], [[behaviour]] or an outcome of certain event. For example, on a stock exchange if there is an information of [[company]] reporting signific ...formation is specified as any fact, judgement or any data transmitted over a medium like telephone but not only the content of signals transmitted, also
  3 KB (491 words) - 23:51, 17 November 2023
• Principles of financial planning
  ...nal [[needs]] of the enterprise. This strategy determines the direction of a company in the field of finance, which would help in achieving its objectiv * Optimization of costs by finding a level of costs that would avoid problems in the area of ​​finance. It i
  8 KB (1,138 words) - 03:31, 18 November 2023
• Centre of excellence
  '''Centre of Excellence''' (COE) is a single cell or a complex organizational structure, whose primary responsibility is [[researc * effective use of accumulated [[knowledge]] in a variety of institutions,
  9 KB (1,189 words) - 19:08, 17 November 2023
• Internal audit
  '''Internal audit''' is a [[process]] of obtaining and evaluating data and appraisal of requirements ISO 19011 [[standard]] can be a good guide for internal auditors. Sections below discuss listed elements.
  13 KB (1,829 words) - 00:10, 18 November 2023
• Analytical sheet
  * How many times a specific problem happened? ...should be constructed to be clearly seen for what purpose serves. This is a very effective and simple utility that primarily serves to collect and orga
  9 KB (1,441 words) - 17:40, 17 November 2023
• Best value
  ...duced in 1997 in the UK by the newly elected Labour [[government]]. It was a reaction to the inefficiency of large, bureaucratic structures that support ...]]s, which in total are optimal relative to the [[demand]] requirements of a legal person or [[public authority]]. Concept of Best value is used when it
  4 KB (607 words) - 18:18, 17 November 2023
• Strategic alliance
  ...oal of both partners. It is created when there is weak [[competition]] and a strong partnership between companies. ...better [[competitive position]] on [[market]] by the partners and to make a [[merger]] or acquisition of selected areas of activity.
  4 KB (479 words) - 06:07, 18 November 2023
• Company situation analysis
  '''[[Company]] situation analysis''' is a [[process]] which aims to disclose all opportunities (capacity) and the ris ...he sales and allows for a coordinated policy to ensure steady business for a long period of time. The disadvantage of this analysis is assessing of the
  11 KB (1,561 words) - 17:13, 17 November 2023
• Research and development definition
  ...company's development team or acquired from other units should be seen as a kind of innovative activity. Research and development are the first stage o ...ropean Commission in 2005 the companies issued on research and development a total of 371 billion EUR, i.e. about 7% more than in 2004. European compani
  8 KB (1,153 words) - 04:42, 18 November 2023
• Mobility barriers
  * the least attractive sector groups can be a threat to other groups. ...tric barriers to intra-industry mobility - moving to another group is just a matter of [[investment]],
  12 KB (1,733 words) - 01:53, 18 November 2023
• Biosphere
  ...[organization]] [[environment]], stressing that every organization is only a ''relatively isolated from the environment''. The term''relatively isolated ...apabilities]]}} &mdash; {{i5link|a=[[Voluntary sector]]}} &mdash; {{i5link|a=[[Resource]]}} }}
  2 KB (344 words) - 18:22, 17 November 2023
• Industry
  ...ally in a factory or special area. The level of industry's development has a large impact on the pace of economic development. ...onomic strength of a country often depends on the types of industries that a particular country has.
  5 KB (713 words) - 23:48, 17 November 2023
• Objectives of the organization
  ...ion of associations and feedback with the [[environment]]. Objectives have a strong influence on the interaction with the [[environment]]. [[Environment Organizations have a variety of objectives that they strive to achieve. These objectives can be
  14 KB (2,019 words) - 02:28, 18 November 2023
• Creation of goals system
  ...e, these criteria must be particularized and applied together. This allows a comprehensive analysis of the system of objectives and thereby make the rig As a result of this step, managers create the classification of the objectives i
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• Corporate social responsibility
  * businesses and the public are immanent elements of a complex whole in which the idea of mutual solidarity between people has the ...sibility decide societies having particular [[standard]] of living, and in a particular stage of social development (mainly their demands for corporate
  4 KB (518 words) - 20:08, 17 November 2023
• Project lifecycle
  ...mplex project. The [[project]] as a single [[enterprise]] is burdened with a certain degree of uncertainty. Usually it is divided into phases to make it ...e entire [[project]] to be able to control [[project]] costs. To this end, a [[final inspection]] is performed after each stage. Review is necessary to
  10 KB (1,447 words) - 01:54, 18 November 2023
• Diversification in business
  ...isting customers and is it includes offering them a new product. Launching a new product in the application of this strategy may rely on the creation of ...r an entirely new product offering. For example, Apple Inc. started out as a computer company and has since diversified into smartphones, tablets, and w
  8 KB (1,128 words) - 21:23, 17 November 2023
• Definition of strategic management
  Strategic [[management]] is understood as a [[process]] of [[information]] and [[Decision making|decision-making]], whi * second, it is a company activity on every [[market]] of the world.
  4 KB (543 words) - 20:51, 17 November 2023
• Strategic foresight
  ...source of diagnoses of major social and economic problems over time and as a tool for [[forecasting]] and decision-making both by the [[government]], bu ...olicy of the state. Sometimes foresight as well as its results are used as a means of cultural development in society in terms of thinking about the fut
  11 KB (1,573 words) - 06:10, 18 November 2023
• Strategic management functions
  # Creating a [[mission and vision]]: #* preparation of a [[Strategic portfolio analysis|portfolio of projects]] for implementation o
  10 KB (1,208 words) - 06:12, 18 November 2023
• Strategic planning functions
  ...expectations of customers as well as to improve position of the company in a [[competitive environment]], ==Strategic planning as a system==
  10 KB (1,342 words) - 06:15, 18 November 2023
• Merger
  It is a form of cooperation between the potential [[Competitor]]s, [[Supplier]]s, [ ...gh [[Mobility barriers|barriers to entry]]. It is used also in the case of a high level of maturity of the previous or next sector.
  4 KB (661 words) - 01:47, 18 November 2023
• Religious tourism
  ...ips are places connected with the history of religion, religious events of a religious nature and the sacred objects. ...t. Their main purpose is mainly educational. Pilgrimages involve travel to a Holy place mainly for spending time in prayer. Only additionally tourists w
  9 KB (1,389 words) - 04:39, 18 November 2023
• Franchise
  ...eur]] (franchisor, the franchise network organizer, or otherwise providing a network of franchise), provides another, independent entrepreneur (franchis ...network is a company with a reputation in the market that wants to create a network through franchising, extend the distribution of goods or services.
  3 KB (429 words) - 22:42, 17 November 2023
• Interest group
  ...the potential to both positively and negatively affect the functioning of a democracy. ...est groups can present a number of potential threats to the functioning of a democracy. Some of these include:
  4 KB (647 words) - 00:06, 18 November 2023
• Goodwill
  ...d: intangible assets. Goodwill (the name of a company's [[brand]]) becomes a component of the value of the company, being fairly estimated surplus value ...(including traceability and individuality), valuation of goodwill becomes a complex problem, and managers devote much attention to it.
  7 KB (1,101 words) - 23:05, 17 November 2023
• Golden parachute
  ...of defense devised in the 80s of the twentieth century aimed at preventing a [[hostile takeover]] in the capital [[market]]. ...ement]] company providing a very high clearance operations in the event of a successful takeover and loss of their previously occupied position.
  6 KB (843 words) - 20:48, 17 November 2023
• Business incubator
  '''Business incubators''' are organized economic complexes covering a broad group of distinguished real estate-based centers, which offer facilit * creating a proper climate for the establishment and implementation of innovative proje
  3 KB (354 words) - 18:42, 17 November 2023
• Capital group
  ...complex group structures may happen that the parent is a [[subsidiary]] of a higher order parent company. With regard to the parent [[subsidiary]] is characterized by: ownership of a majority of the total number of votes in the [[subsidiary]] or the right to
  4 KB (606 words) - 18:55, 17 November 2023
• Strategic group
  ...itive strategies. Understanding the dynamics of a strategic group can help a [[company]] identify potential competitors and inform its own [[strategic d They are subsets of the sector, which consists of companies that have pursued a similar approach to the competitive struggle, offering comparable products
  12 KB (1,734 words) - 06:11, 18 November 2023
• Innovation
  ...e existing possibilities to new ideas and putting them to practical use. J.A. Schumpeter introduced ''innovations'' to the area of economic sciences. Scientists often use a definition of innovation as the [[process]] of converting the existing poss
  9 KB (1,231 words) - 23:55, 17 November 2023
• Investments
  ...e estimated rate of [[inflation]] and investment [[risk]]. Investor can be a private person, governmental agency, pension fund or corporation. * commercial, where the investor is expecting a financial benefits,
  3 KB (505 words) - 00:22, 18 November 2023
• Stakeholders
  * Special interest grupups - unite people in a group to spread common views on some specific issues and to express their o ...ages of cooperatives]]}} &mdash; {{i5link|a=[[Holding]]}} &mdash; {{i5link|a=[[Chamber of Commerce]]}} }}
  3 KB (450 words) - 05:57, 18 November 2023
• Subsidiary
  ...assets and liabilities which are part of the parent company. Possession of a subsidiary is associated with certain ineffectiveness (duplication of resou ...ble. Treatment of both units as one unit by the lender can only occur when a subsidiary has the parent company's guarantees.
  3 KB (423 words) - 06:22, 18 November 2023
• Strategic investor
  '''Strategic Investor''' is a business operator acting on the capital [[market]], which under the relevan ...from the nature of the [[investment]] itself. Acquired company is part of a long-term development [[strategy]] of the investor, and therefore he never
  3 KB (387 words) - 04:13, 18 November 2023
• Cluster
  ...model - small and medium enterprises with a high degree of specialization, a strong rivalry, relations based on trust (e.g. Silicon Valley) * '''Satellite''' model - a group of small and medium businesses dependent on external companies (e.g.
  3 KB (454 words) - 19:23, 17 November 2023
• Syndicate
  The syndicate is a type of [[oligopoly]] agreement which is used to facilitate the entry on in ...s companies of similar size, operating in the same [[industry]] and having a similar [[level of development]].
  8 KB (1,297 words) - 06:32, 18 November 2023
• Strategy wheel
  ...the supply chain, this tool allow not only the determination of limits on a scale of one cell in chain, but also support the determination of boundarie Use of the strategy wheel should be preceded by a preparatory phase, in which relevant [[information]] about [[company]]'s pr
  7 KB (979 words) - 04:22, 18 November 2023
• Consulting in management
  Consulting is a consultancy contract characterized by: ...that many companies face complex business processes, which often requires a very sophisticated methods and procedures. This in turn intensifies the [[n
  3 KB (396 words) - 19:51, 17 November 2023
• Strategic control
  ...he [[implementation of strategy]] phase. It can be generally understood as a comparison of measures of the effects of implementing the [[strategy]] with ...es - according to changes in the [[environment]]. This task is intended as a [[continuous process]] of obtaining and processing [[information]], done in
  8 KB (1,131 words) - 06:09, 18 November 2023
• Experience curve
  '''Experience curve''' is a graph that shows the effect of improving the [[organization]] and functioni There is a relationship between the scale of production and the size of the unit [[cos
  7 KB (1,117 words) - 22:11, 17 November 2023
• Teleworking
  * doing a [[cost]] analysis ...[Communication]] [[Technology]]. Both an [[employee]] and an employer have a possibility to be in touch with each other.
  8 KB (1,216 words) - 06:47, 18 November 2023
• Culture of participation
  ...ere advertisers, games, media producers, network executives, bloggers show a very high activity in the creation of [[consumer]] culture. Defining the culture of participation led to the emergence of a strong contrast in comparison to earlier beliefs about the role of the medi
  7 KB (979 words) - 20:31, 17 November 2023
• Forwarder
  ...rt]], storage, packaging, [[insurance]], distribution, etc.). Forwarder as a transportation broker transmits and/or receives the goods from the carrier. Forwarder also has a duty to provide advice to its client, to the best of his [[knowledge]]. In
  4 KB (557 words) - 22:41, 17 November 2023
• Evaluation
  ...lude documents, activities, processes, people, results, etc. Evaluation is a [[continuous process]] and its results are used to improve activities. * "A systematic process involving the collection of information, and reporting s
  3 KB (384 words) - 22:02, 17 November 2023
• Certificate
  * ''econ.'' [[Bond]] or certificate repalacing a state loan * ''Security certificate'' - a document confirming an inspection by the competent authorities of the state
  3 KB (371 words) - 19:08, 17 November 2023
• Arrow diagram
  ...xecution of a particular [[project]]. It graphically (visually) represents a deliberate [[plan]] of [[work]], paying attention to the critical operation * Specify a list of actions necessary to complete a task ([[planning]] activities)
  7 KB (1,111 words) - 17:47, 17 November 2023
• Documentation
  ...have written (documented) evidence of the development and introduction of a system, it is also one of the main sources that provide the necessary [[inf ...nd maintenance of [[quality]] [[management system]]. Documentation is also a record of specific actions and activities performed within the system.
  4 KB (590 words) - 21:25, 17 November 2023
• Quality improvement
  ...omer]]. The second, which we will be more widely applicable, is to prevent a recurrence of inconformity. ...tion of corrective measures must be verified. Therefore, make sure that as a result of the changes the non-compliance can not be repeated.
  5 KB (688 words) - 04:17, 18 November 2023
• Quality costs record
  ...changes. Then records may be conducted by: the type of costs occurring in a given company, the type of activity and media costs, or other expense recog ...nduct [[quality cost]] analysis and provide rapid response in the event of a deviation from the assumed costs. '''Sampling''' concerns on rapid one-time
  8 KB (1,199 words) - 04:15, 18 November 2023
• Identification
  ...O 9001 is a [[quality management]] standard that outlines requirements for a quality [[management system]]. Identification and traceability are two impo ...include identifying the source of raw materials, tracking the progress of a product through the [[manufacturing process]], and identifying the location
  7 KB (1,062 words) - 23:30, 17 November 2023
• ISO 9004
  '''ISO 9004''' is a [[standard]] containing guidelines for the improvement of the [[quality man ...2000), new title "Managing for the sustained success of an organization - A quality management approach".
  10 KB (1,342 words) - 21:15, 17 November 2023
• Innovativeness
  '''Innovativeness''' is a broad concept connecting [[innovation]] and [[creativity]] of people in org ...e some new, better idea in some fields. This individual is characterize by a great creativity and cleverness in realization of many tasks and original a
  11 KB (1,661 words) - 00:00, 18 November 2023
• Product quality
  ...product excellence and its ability to meet [[customer]] [[needs]]. This is a group of functional attributes, both tangible (e.g., durability) and emotio ...h the level of utility value, for which the [[consumer]] is willing to pay a price most favorable to the [[producer]].
  3 KB (394 words) - 01:40, 18 November 2023
• Types of transport
  ...to the low capital barrier to entry to road carriers [[market]], there is a very large number of companies providing this type service in this branch o ...large portion of shares in this companies are held by the State). There is a large barrier to entry (high [[cost]] of [[investment]] in terminals, equip
  8 KB (1,224 words) - 07:22, 18 November 2023
• Hospitality services quality
  ...ustry]] because of the complex nature of the service provided, it includes a number of services (e.g. accommodation, food), usually dependent on the cha When a [[customer]] is dissatisfied with the service then there is a distortion of the [[quality]] of hotel services. Typically, dissatisfaction
  12 KB (1,748 words) - 23:25, 17 November 2023
• Origins of controlling
  Controlling is a business [[management]] [[process]] driven by [[planning]], reporting and c * Controller in the U.S. is a person standing at the head of finance and accounting department, responsib
  8 KB (1,074 words) - 02:48, 18 November 2023
• Quality loss function
  '''Quality loss function''' is a [[method]] of measuring losses that are incurred due to not perfect, howeve ...reduce the impact of these causes. This type of procedure allows to create a product resistant to interference.
  11 KB (1,643 words) - 04:18, 18 November 2023
• Quality of public administration
  ...factor in services. Customers of public administration are all citizen of a country or region, which assess quality of services provided by the state. It should be noted that there is a relationship between the needs, expectations and satisfaction. Needs create
  12 KB (1,638 words) - 04:22, 18 November 2023
• Quality of tourist service
  ...staff: front-office, back-office and [[management]]. Front-office staff is a kind of showcase of tourist enterprises in dealing with clients and so they * Costs of non-compliance (a service offered does not correspond to the customer, even though he tried t
  8 KB (1,059 words) - 04:22, 18 November 2023
• Quality in tourist agency
  '''[[Quality]] standards of travel agencies''' depends on qualifications of a person who organizes tourist events or deals with contracting [[service]] p ...guages. Language fluency is also checked by the exam. It is also necessary a medical [[certificate]], which contains [[information]] about the [[absence
  3 KB (431 words) - 04:17, 18 November 2023
• Hotel categorization
  '''Hotel rating''' is based on a scale of 1-5 stars, 5 stars means the highest level of services, 1 star mea .... Locations of the 5* hotels can vary from the very exclusive locations of a suburban area, to the heart of down-town.
  9 KB (1,291 words) - 23:25, 17 November 2023
• Quality inspection
  ...ustration, this problem was solved by replacing the defective product with a new one. Conducting this type of procedure entailed generating considerable [[Organization]] which uses quality inspection, treats inspector as if he was a customer. The optimum form of quality inspection is the man who's aim is th
  12 KB (1,723 words) - 04:17, 18 November 2023
• Crisis of work
  ...and directly remains linked to the fact that the one who carries it out is a conscious and free - that is, constituting about the subject" [John Paul II ...ies and restore the proper meaning of work. The crisis has brought work to a:
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• Group conformity
  ...a group of students, made up of seven, eight or nine people) he introduced a real person - test subject - which did not know that other people are co-wo ...n of exerting pressure, it succumbed to the pressure of the respondents to a much lesser extent than if all those exerting pressure were unanimous,
  7 KB (1,124 words) - 23:11, 17 November 2023
• Crisis of work - the overcome
  Was it possible to avoid a [[crisis of work]] in Poland, which arrived with a six-year plan (it was something like the state [[strategy]] of productivity ...ill, emotions, and physical strengths are involved. The ideal [[image]] of a working man is when none of these gifts of man is excluded from participati
  9 KB (1,447 words) - 20:25, 17 November 2023
• CE marking
  ...vironmental]] users. CE marking means that the manufacturer or importer of a product meets the basic requirements of ESR (Essential Requirements). ERS a ...dards and basic requirements for health and safety that are applicable for a given product,
  8 KB (1,188 words) - 18:48, 17 November 2023
• Importance of teamwork
  ...of its objectives and targets - also affect the achievement of the team as a whole. ...organizational units) Projects that do not change the organization in such a radical way, as the creation of autonomous groups, but significantly affect
  13 KB (2,004 words) - 23:38, 17 November 2023
• Business process outsourcing
  ...hin the same country), offshore (in a different country), or nearshore (in a nearby country). ...tical analysis and the improvement of this process. The process is seen as a set of activities requiring inputs and generating result on the output.
  9 KB (1,304 words) - 18:46, 17 November 2023
• Culture and QMS implementation
  ...he implementation cannot change the culture at once. To change the culture a long time period is needed. During the development of quality [[management] ...tions will be applied in that case, however, it's difficult to treat it as a fully running system. Improvement stage of QMS operation can be used to sha
  11 KB (1,643 words) - 20:30, 17 November 2023
• Attestation services
  ...tion and verification statement of evidence that meets the requirements of a measuring instrument, or activities carried out by the state legal metrolog The measuring device - a general term defining a range of tools (equipment) used for measuring physical, chemical, surveying
  5 KB (647 words) - 17:54, 17 November 2023
• Waste level monitoring
  ...ons of a phenomenon, or the presence of harmful substances, carried out in a pre-determined time intervals. Data collected help managers to take appropr ...tion to carry out waste quantity monitoring applies to companies which, as a result of doing business produce waste, as well as those which deal with th
  2 KB (371 words) - 07:48, 18 November 2023
• Bank for International Settlements
  ...rganisation which promotes monetary and financial cooperation and which is a bank for central banks. The BIS has assisted * and continues to assist * th * a forum for discussion for central banks and international organisations
  12 KB (1,734 words) - 18:04, 17 November 2023
• Reddin's basic management styles
  ...is focused on people, tasks and [[efficiency]]. Concept of W.J. Reddin is a development of the two dimensional [[Blake and Mouton managerial grid|manag ...that happy people are more efficient, hence manager should care more about a pleasant atmosphere in the team, than on efficient performance. Problems ar
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• Economics
  '''Economics''' - a study of how society decides how and for whom to produce good and services< There are a variety of modern definitions of economics. Some of the differences may ref
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• Knowledge
  * Tacit knowledge - used every day by people, but difficult to capture in a formal record, its substance can not be expressed with words; According to the [[economics]] of knowledge, it is a positive externality. Knowledge comes from [[education]] and research. To u
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• Engagement marketing
  ...which is based on an psychological and social [[analysis of customer]] as a human being. ...the brand by using the theory that the customer is a social being and has a natural [[need]] for [[communication]], interaction and active participatio
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• Method of calculating the BCG matrix
  ...d methods of [[Strategic portfolio analysis|portfolio analysis]], which is a direct reflection of research participation and the [[competitiveness]] of ...two parts at the point equals the share of its nearest [[competitor]] with a vertical axis at the point equal to half the span of [[market dynamics]]. T
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• Strategic management model
  A '''strategic management model''' is a framework or approach used by organizations to make [[strategic decisions]] A strategic management model and a business model are both frameworks used by organizations to guide decision-
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• Strategic marketing
  Strategic [[marketing]] is a [[process]] consisting of: ...red as a component part of this [[management]], as an instrument to create a broader framework for strategic success in the market.
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• Hoshin kanri
  ...volves every [[employee]] into processes of [[strategic management]]. It's a Japanese version of [[management by objectives]] (MBO). Hoshin kanri begins with a strategic [[plan]] developed by top [[management]]. Then mid-level managers
  10 KB (1,410 words) - 21:10, 17 November 2023
• 7S model
  ...carry out specific activities, processes, or are used to solve problems in a company, 7S model is not a recipe for building a perfect [[strategy]], but it is a stimulus to rethink the internal activities of the company that affect its
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• State administration
  '''State administration''' is defined as a [[system]] of entities created by statute and in the competence to carry ou * administration is a team of people, who are professional staff,
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• Strategic option
  ...and plans leading to the achievement of this objectives. It also contains a package of measures to ensure their achievement, allowing [[risk]] reductio * The feasibility of the [[strategy]] - a necessary condition, which should be meet by the strategic option,
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• Human resources management
  Human resources department plays a consequential role in the fluid running of the [[organization]] because it ...about a set of concepts, methods and techniques from which you can select a specific one. Each [[organization]] has different set of methods.
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• Audit
  '''Audit''' is a process of obtaining and evaluating data concerning operations and events i * Audit is cooperation - audit should be a cooperation between auditor and audited in order to find solutions.
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• Poison pill
  As a result of severity of hostile takeovers in the 80s of the twentieth century ...n purchase these shares at any time and withdraw from the market by paying a nominal amount.
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• Production structure optimization
  ...uce such [[range of products]] that the [[profit]] made from their sale is a maximum. ...st management]]}} &mdash; {{i5link|a=[[Cost advantage]]}} &mdash; {{i5link|a=[[Activity-based management]]}} }}
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• Bureaucratic organization
  * Only a small fraction of workers are fully using their [[knowledge]] ...onal corporation with a bureaucratic structure. The company operates under a top-down structure, with corporate executives making all major decisions an
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• Non-profit organization
  ...not be split between people working in these organizations. Generally, in a non-profit [[organization]], the [[board]] of [[management]] is responsible ...ntal part of social systems whose role and scale are a side [[product]] of a complicated set of historical forces (K. Akingbola 2006, p. 267). Studies a
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• Near environment
  ..., businesses, banks, [[government]] bodies) that affect the functioning of a [[company]] and which the company can influence. The [[management]] of a company should only to examine relationship with entities of near environme
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• Competitive environment
  ...very large impact on the overall [[market]] situation and the situation of a particular company. IT is associated with the effectiveness of creating pre ...]], which is why the company should understand what is and what can become a substitute for its products and who is the real [[competitor]] of the compa
  9 KB (1,304 words) - 19:36, 17 November 2023
• Tax environment
  * Normative - the tax environment is here understood as a system of tax law. For the company it is vital to separate of tax law from * Psychological, means a specific effect of taxes on taxpayers. Frequent irrational behavior towards
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• Plan
  '''Plan''' is a document which is a [[project]] of the [[organization]]'s future, what owners and managers want ...s the foundation of all other functions of [[management]], because without a plan it is difficult to perform other vital [[management]] tasks e.g.: orga
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• Strategic partnership and negotiations
  ...]s. On the one hand we are dealing with difficult conditions to compete in a complex and dynamic [[environment]], on the other hand - the [[need]] for e * Substantive issues concerning a particular transaction,
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• Project risk analysis
  ...[[risk management process]], a part of [[project risk assessment]]. It is a two dimensional analysis where likelihood and consequences of risks (or opp ...an be presented as a monetary value. Therefore, to each level on the scale a financial impact should be added. The impact value describes how severe wil
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• Monopolistic agreement
  * A small number of companies in the [[industry]] ...higher form of the cartel agreement, where the [[joint venture]] involves a commercial office, which handles the sales price or policy
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• Strategic portfolio analysis
  ...(of product or services) in order to reduce the [[risk]] of functioning in a changing [[environment]], and increase the effects of the implemented [[str ...ervice [[training]] program, an automated customer support [[system]], and a [[customer satisfaction]] survey.
  9 KB (1,372 words) - 06:15, 18 November 2023
• Private equity investments
  ...isted on stock exchange. Private equity [[money]] can be used to establish a [[company]], expand its operations, repurchase all or part of an existing b ...The financing of the Private equity is obtained in exchange for shares in a company and investors' profits depend on the company growth and profitabili
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• Economic profile of a sector
  ...ment]], which determines the conditions for all firms in the sector. It is a [[method]] of assessing the reality in which the [[company]] operates. * The rate of growth of the market as a percentage of annual sales volume changes,
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• Program of global activity of the company
  The global activity program ([[GAP]]) of a business - refers to the [[organization]], functioning and development of t The global activity program can be prepared in a condensed or expanded form (depending on the [[needs]] of the management).
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• Competitive advantage
  ...uires leading position on the [[market]] in relation to competitors. It is a relative measure of success on the market. It allows managers to offer cust ...ans the extension of freedom to manipulate the various instruments in such a way that allows the company to increase the financial effects of activity o
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• Market advantage
  Market advantage is achieved by a company whose employees have the relevant expertise. The advantage may be o A company can achieve a market advantage by differentiating its products or services from those of
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• Methods of restructuring
  * Restructuring of the debt (debt reduction) - the pursuit of a settlement between the creditor and debtor, ==Restructuring as a tool for organizational improvement==
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• Organizational development
  '''Organizational Development''' - is a long-term [[process]] of successive changes, both in the [[organization]] a ...f affairs, passing and ordered in time, remaining relatively stable (up to a [[crisis situation]]). In this sense it refers to the potential of the comp
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• Development by restructurization
  ...ss where there is a [[need]] to introduce changes immediately to stabilize a deteriorating situation. ...nctional teams. For example, the introduction of cross-functional teams in a large manufacturing company could result in improved [[communication]] and
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• Operational risk
  ...he institution. Typically, in this case the negative opinion translates to a loss of [[consumer]] confidence, reduced profits or loss of liquidity. This Staff risk - this is a risk of a situation where an employee intentionally or unintentionally acts to the de
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• Scenarios of possible events
  ...run. These methods predict different types of phenomena that can occur in a changing [[environment]] and help managers in preparing for them. ...creasing) of each factor. Then they should assess impact of each factor on a scale of - 5 to 5, or 1-10 (where - 5 (1) represents the most negative impa
  11 KB (1,581 words) - 05:12, 18 November 2023
• Scenarios of processes in environment
  Scenarios are a tool used to provide alternative routes for the development of possible eve #* Key processes - the processes that have a strong impact on the organization, and their probability of occurrence is v
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• Scenarios of states in environment
  # Selecting factors that have a decisive impact on [[company]] #* The strength of impact of a factor to the company on a scale of - 5 to +5.
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• Secret company
  It takes the form of a separate non-registered entity, belonging to the partners. Its purpose is t ...shareholders which could be their competitors. Such companies usually have a place in trade activities. There are not known in Poland.
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• Assets funding strategy
  ...ng long-term bank loan. Seasonal company [[needs]] are also financed using a long-term capital (equity and long-term [[bank credit]]). It is important t '''Moderate''' strategy is a combination of conservative and aggressive strategies. Consist of actions a
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• Tax strategy
  ...egy]] is the direction and scope, which the [[company]] intends to take in a long time perspective to achieve their goals and gain [[competitive advanta ...other goals of company and can not limit them. Managers should choose such a way of proceeding, that the main objective of company is achieved at the lo
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• Knowledge gap strategy
  ...een relations (with customers, suppliers, etc.) that company must have and a relations is has in present moment. # Create a vision of knowledge.
  9 KB (1,290 words) - 00:33, 18 November 2023
• Success factors of company
  Following factors can determine success of a [[company]]: ...tated ranges of decision-making powers and responsibilities is critical in a well-functioning organizations in which each [[employee]] knows and accepts
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• Promotion strategy
  ...he rate of sales of products. It is also important to form and consolidate a positive [[image of the company]] on the [[market]]. Through promotional ac * Establish a promotional budget
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• Strategic business unit
  ...mpany General Electric. Strategic business units are small businesses with a high functional and [[Decision making|decision-making]] autonomy. Such unit There are several different types of strategic business units (SBUs) that a company can use in its [[organizational structure]], including:
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• Technology
  ...ctivity and capital productivity. The technology can also be understood as a combination of [[knowledge]], skills, experience and organizational solutio ...alue of technologies based on the growing knowledge base allows to produce a steady stream of products and services.
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• Identity of the company
  ...om others, especially its competitors. It is a set of attributes providing a particularly clear way to correctly identify company and its products or se ...ldings, [[transport]], working clothes and uniforms of [[employee]]s, etc. A properly built and managed identity is one of the most effective means of i
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• Image of the company
  ...the logo. The image does not necessarily coincide with reality, it can be a subjective image of the company or its services. The image is therefore a way to receive the [[identity of the company]]. It can be:
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• Targeting
  ...tiveness of the selection of target markets, growth should be in a form of a snowball effect in relation to expenditures on [[marketing]] and thus also ...rent [[marketing]] tools and activities, such as: advertising, exposition, a new form of sale, price change, discount, etc.
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• Crisis in the enterprise
  ...alyzing the phenomenon of crisis, managers can identify three main phases: a potential, hidden and overt crisis. The first phase applies to all enterpri ...does not guarantee development and success. In crisis management requires a focus on [[strategic issues]]. Implementation of the strategy in the crisis
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• Crisis management
  ...does not guarantee development and success. In crisis management requires a focus on [[strategic issues]]. Implementation of the strategy in the crisis In a [[crisis situation]] the most important is quick decision making resulting
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• Management by values
  ...ft" to be turned into a serious approach to management, now it turned into a central part in discussions about [[strategy]] and [[organizational change] ...f the world's emerging economies, management by values is quickly becoming a major force for the rebuilding of sustainable and competitive culture.
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• Quality manager
  '''Quality manager''' is a manager who is responsible for maintenance of [[quality management system]] ...he quality manager also has to do additional tasks related to maintenance. A misunderstanding around this issue was one of causes of change in [[ISO 900
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• World class manufacturing
  '''World Class Manufacturing''' (WCM) is a [[method]] of improving the cycle of [[production]] and [[logistics]]. The The World Class Manufacturing is a concept developed by FIAT and partnering companies in 2005. However the nam
  9 KB (1,387 words) - 07:56, 18 November 2023
• House of total quality model
  ...has been developed by F. Voehl in 1992 and modified by W.M. Lindsay and J.A. Petrick in 1997. It consists of six groups of elements (T.P. Mani, N. Muru ...he pillars. [[Organizational culture]] makes all these activities not just a façade. Thanks to it, they not only exist inside the [[company]] but also
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• Optimization of transport
  ** method of the minimum element of a row or column of a cost matrix, ...o check which solution is optimal. For this purpose it is necessary to use a measure of optimality: ''o = (ui + vj) - cij = 0'', where ''cij= ui + vj''
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• Reliability
  ...however, is the overriding concept, because reliability does not guarantee a high [[level of quality]]. * Damage - a loss of ability of product to meet requirements.
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• Non-conformity
  '''Non-conformity''' is a failure to meet the requirements. Occurrence of non-conformity decreases [[ ...checked during the [[production]] process which can lead to manufacturing a number of products with wrong dimensions.
  11 KB (1,645 words) - 02:22, 18 November 2023
• Standard
  '''Standard''' is a document setting out rules of conduct, rules, patterns, guidelines or chara ...in solving conflicts between [[supplier]]s and [[customer]]s, or to create a reference point for contracts.
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• Hansei
  The hansei is a way of life. It is taught in Japanese schools. ...t is already accomplished. Also, a good habbit will be to get used to take a minute every hour to analyze what was done wrong, what was done correct and
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• Nemawashi
  ...approval of a proposed idea or [[project]] is sought from every person in a significant organizational position. For foreigners [[planning]] research i ...2575615 Nemawashi: A Japanese Form of Interpersonal Communication]'', ETC: A Review of General Semantics, Vol. 39, No. 3 </ref>
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• Strategic goals
  ...l or [[organization]]. Goals of an organization are usually established in a formal way. Goals are always the result of internal and external [[needs]] ...partial. The development of the general goal shows partial objectives (in a form of goals tree) Objectives should be specific, measurable, ambitious, r
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• Mission and vision
  ...ed in an emphatic manner, with flair and a lack of authenticity. It may be a certain slogan used to identify employees with the company and its objectiv ...the company's positive image in the distant future. This is the concept of a certain model of organization in the future.
  3 KB (421 words) - 01:52, 18 November 2023
• Beam of objectives theory
  The main objective of a [[company]] is usually to maintain the equilibrium and its development. The ...e, the economic and technological conditions. The second way is to conduct a particular activity, such as industrial, economic, administrative or other.
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• Managament of development
  It is a [[system]] whose goal is to shape the of economic, organizational, personne In the '''pioneering period''', there are numerous hazards, caused by a lack of experience, low skills, poor self-[[financing]] [[capability]] and
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